18

私はPythonで書かれた非常に単純なWebサーバーを持っています。http://localhost:13000ポート13000でリッスンしますが、ブラウザで開いた場合に簡単な「HelloWorld」Webページを配信するにはどうすればよいですか?

まさに私のコードがあります:

# set up socket and connection
while True:
    sock, addr = servSock.accept()
    # WHAT GOES HERE?
    sock.close()

ご覧のとおり、実際にWebページを返送する方法が正確にわかりません。

socketライブラリを使用するだけです。

編集:問題は、HTTP応答を作成する方法がわからないということではなく、実際にブラウザーに表示する方法がわからないということです。それはただ回転/ロードを続けます。

4

7 に答える 7

23

質問の変更に応じて更新

おそらく、absense ofContent-LengthConnectionheadersの組み合わせで、ブラウザがそれを想定する可能性があるため、回転Connection: keep-aliveし続けます。そのため、サーバーからデータを永久に受信し続けます。を送信してみてConnection: close、実際Content-Lengthに渡して、それが役立つかどうかを確認してください。


これはあなたが期待することをしませんか?:)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf8

import socket

MAX_PACKET = 32768

def recv_all(sock):
    r'''Receive everything from `sock`, until timeout occurs, meaning sender
    is exhausted, return result as string.'''

    # dirty hack to simplify this stuff - you should really use zero timeout,
    # deal with async socket and implement finite automata to handle incoming data

    prev_timeout = sock.gettimeout()
    try:
        sock.settimeout(0.01)

        rdata = []
        while True:
            try:
                rdata.append(sock.recv(MAX_PACKET))
            except socket.timeout:
                return ''.join(rdata)

        # unreachable
    finally:
        sock.settimeout(prev_timeout)

def normalize_line_endings(s):
    r'''Convert string containing various line endings like \n, \r or \r\n,
    to uniform \n.'''

    return ''.join((line + '\n') for line in s.splitlines())

def run():
    r'''Main loop'''

    # Create TCP socket listening on 10000 port for all connections, 
    # with connection queue of length 1
    server_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, \
                                socket.IPPROTO_TCP)
    server_sock.bind(('0.0.0.0', 13000))
    server_sock.listen(1)

    while True:
        # accept connection
        client_sock, client_addr = server_sock.accept()

        # headers and body are divided with \n\n (or \r\n\r\n - that's why we
        # normalize endings). In real application usage, you should handle 
        # all variations of line endings not to screw request body
        request = normalize_line_endings(recv_all(client_sock)) # hack again
        request_head, request_body = request.split('\n\n', 1)

        # first line is request headline, and others are headers
        request_head = request_head.splitlines()
        request_headline = request_head[0]
        # headers have their name up to first ': '. In real world uses, they
        # could duplicate, and dict drops duplicates by default, so
        # be aware of this.
        request_headers = dict(x.split(': ', 1) for x in request_head[1:])

        # headline has form of "POST /can/i/haz/requests HTTP/1.0"
        request_method, request_uri, request_proto = request_headline.split(' ', 3)

        response_body = [
            '<html><body><h1>Hello, world!</h1>',
            '<p>This page is in location %(request_uri)r, was requested ' % locals(),
            'using %(request_method)r, and with %(request_proto)r.</p>' % locals(),
            '<p>Request body is %(request_body)r</p>' % locals(),
            '<p>Actual set of headers received:</p>',
            '<ul>',
        ]

        for request_header_name, request_header_value in request_headers.iteritems():
            response_body.append('<li><b>%r</b> == %r</li>' % (request_header_name, \
                                                    request_header_value))

        response_body.append('</ul></body></html>')

        response_body_raw = ''.join(response_body)

        # Clearly state that connection will be closed after this response,
        # and specify length of response body
        response_headers = {
            'Content-Type': 'text/html; encoding=utf8',
            'Content-Length': len(response_body_raw),
            'Connection': 'close',
        }

        response_headers_raw = ''.join('%s: %s\n' % (k, v) for k, v in \
                                                response_headers.iteritems())

        # Reply as HTTP/1.1 server, saying "HTTP OK" (code 200).
        response_proto = 'HTTP/1.1'
        response_status = '200'
        response_status_text = 'OK' # this can be random

        # sending all this stuff
        client_sock.send('%s %s %s' % (response_proto, response_status, \
                                                        response_status_text))
        client_sock.send(response_headers_raw)
        client_sock.send('\n') # to separate headers from body
        client_sock.send(response_body_raw)

        # and closing connection, as we stated before
        client_sock.close()

run()

詳細な説明については、HTTPプロトコルの説明を参照してください。

于 2012-04-11T21:28:32.283 に答える
10
# set up socket and connection
while True:
    sock, addr = servSock.accept()
    sock.send("""HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/html

<html><body>Hello World</body></html>
""");
    sock.close()
于 2015-01-20T22:38:48.953 に答える
6

次のようなものを送り返します。

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Wed, 11 Apr 2012 21:29:04 GMT
Server: Python/6.6.6 (custom)
Content-Type: text/html

次に、実際のhtmlコード。Content-Type 行の後、html の前に改行があることを確認してください。

于 2012-04-11T21:30:13.327 に答える
3

または、完全なプロトコルを覚えたくない場合は、次を使用してもう一度見つけることができます。

 % nc stackoverflow.com 80
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: stackoverflow.com

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: public, max-age=60
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Expires: Wed, 11 Apr 2012 21:33:49 GMT
Last-Modified: Wed, 11 Apr 2012 21:32:49 GMT
Vary: *
Date: Wed, 11 Apr 2012 21:32:49 GMT
Content-Length: 206008

[...]
 % 

まあ、あなたは通常、stackoverflow よりも冗長でない (通常は静的ファイルのみを提供する) サイトを好むでしょう;)

最小要件(回答に記載されています)は次のとおりです。

sock.send(r'''HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain

Hello, world!

''')

サーバーが応答を取得するには、2 つのリターンが必須です。そうでない場合、ブラウザーはヘッダーを無期限に待機します。

ただし、Web サーバーの動作を模倣するには、ブラウザーがデータを送信し、その後に 2 つのキャリッジ リターンが続く場合にのみ、応答を送信することを忘れないでください。通常は、次のコマンドを使用して送信内容を取得できます。

 % nc -kl localhost 13000
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:13000
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0...
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
DNT: 1
Connection: keep-alive

 %

テストルーチンを改善できるように

于 2012-04-11T21:34:48.753 に答える
3

以前の回答を参考にして、Python3 utf-8 とバイト エンコーディングのコードを編集しました。元の回答をありがとう、それは大いに役立ちました。

import socket

MAX_PACKET = 32768

def recv_all(sock):
    r'''Receive everything from `sock`, until timeout occurs, meaning sender
    is exhausted, return result as string.'''

    # dirty hack to simplify this stuff - you should really use zero timeout,
    # deal with async socket and implement finite automata to handle incoming data

    prev_timeout = sock.gettimeout()
    try:
        sock.settimeout(0.1)

        rdata = []
        while True:
            try:
                # Gotta watch for the bytes and utf-8 encoding in Py3
                rdata.append(sock.recv(MAX_PACKET).decode('utf-8')) 
            except socket.timeout:
                return ''.join(rdata)

        # unreachable
    finally:
        sock.settimeout(prev_timeout)

def normalize_line_endings(s):
    r'''Convert string containing various line endings like \n, \r or \r\n,
    to uniform \n.'''
    test = s.splitlines()
    return ''.join((line + '\n') for line in s.splitlines())

def run():
    r'''Main loop'''

    # Create TCP socket listening on 10000 port for all connections,
    # with connection queue of length 1
    server_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,
                                socket.SOCK_STREAM,
                                socket.IPPROTO_TCP)
    #Added the port 13001 for debuging purposes 

    try:
        server_sock.bind(('0.0.0.0', 13000))
        print('PORT 13000')
    except:
        server_sock.bind(('0.0.0.0', 13001))
        print('PORT 13001')
    # except:
    #     server_sock.bind(('0.0.0.0', 13002))
    #     print('PORT 13002')

    server_sock.listen(1)

    while True:
        # accept connection
        try:
            client_sock, client_addr = server_sock.accept()

            # headers and body are divided with \n\n (or \r\n\r\n - that's why we
            # normalize endings). In real application usage, you should handle
            # all variations of line endings not to screw request body
            request = normalize_line_endings(recv_all(client_sock)) # hack again

            request_head, request_body = request.split('\n\n', 1)

            # first line is request headline, and others are headers
            request_head = request_head.splitlines()
            request_headline = request_head[0]
            # headers have their name up to first ': '. In real world uses, they
            # could duplicate, and dict drops duplicates by default, so
            # be aware of this.
            request_headers = dict(x.split(': ', 1) for x in request_head[1:])

            # headline has form of "POST /can/i/haz/requests HTTP/1.0"
            request_method, request_uri, request_proto = request_headline.split(' ', 3)

            response_body = [
                '<html><body><h1 style="color:red">Hello, world!</h1>',
                '<p>This page is in location %(request_uri)r, was requested ' % locals(),
                'using %(request_method)r, and with %(request_proto)r.</p>' % locals(),
                '<p>Request body is %(request_body)r</p>' % locals(),
                '<p>Actual set of headers received:</p>',
                '<ul>',
            ]

            for request_header_name, request_header_value in request_headers.items():
                response_body.append('<li><b>%r</b> == %r</li>' % (request_header_name,
                                                                    request_header_value))

            response_body.append('</ul></body></html>')

            response_body_raw = ''.join(response_body)

            # Clearly state that connection will be closed after this response,
            # and specify length of response body
            response_headers = {
                'Content-Type': 'text/html; encoding=utf8',
                'Content-Length': len(response_body_raw),
                'Connection': 'close',
            }

            response_headers_raw = ''.join('%s: %s\n' % (k, v) for k, v in \
                                                    response_headers.items())

            # Reply as HTTP/1.1 server, saying "HTTP OK" (code 200).
            response_proto = 'HTTP/1.1'.encode()
            response_status = '200'.encode()
            response_status_text = 'OK'.encode() # this can be random

            # sending all this stuff
            client_sock.send(b'%s %s %s' % (response_proto, response_status,
                                                            response_status_text))
            client_sock.send(response_headers_raw.encode())
            client_sock.send(b'\n') # to separate headers from body
            client_sock.send(response_body_raw.encode())

            # and closing connection, as we stated before

        finally:
            client_sock.close()

run()
于 2017-09-24T19:52:24.317 に答える
1

Webオブジェクトをチェックアウトすることをお勧めしますhttp://www.webob.org/

これは、http互換の要求と応答を作成するためのシンプルで軽量なプロジェクトです。リクエスト/レスポンスオブジェクトを使ってほぼ何でもできます...または、手間のかかる作業をWebObjectsに委任するだけです

サンプル

>>> from webob import Response
>>> res = Response()
>>> res.status
'200 OK'
>>> res.headerlist
[('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'), ('Content-Length', '0')]
>>> res.body
''
于 2012-04-12T02:28:48.600 に答える