テンプレートHaskellコード生成は非常に高度なトピックです。それでも、THの技術を習得すれば、前述の手法を使用して、探しているコードを生成することができます。
次のコードは、data
コンストラクターが1つしかない型(たとえば、コンストラクターが2つあるではない)でのみdata Foo = A String Int | B String Int
機能することに注意してください。これは、コードでどのように処理するかを指定していないためです。A
B
コンパイル時に実行され、データ型の名前を取り、と呼ばれる関数を生成するTemplateHaskell関数を作成しますsqlTo<nameofdatatype>
。この関数は次のようになります。
module THTest where
import Control.Monad (replicateM)
-- Import Template Haskell
import Language.Haskell.TH
-- ...and a representation of Haskell syntax
import Language.Haskell.TH.Syntax
-- A function that takes the name of a data type and generates a list of
-- (function) declarations (of length 1).
makeSqlDeserializer :: Name -> Q [Dec]
makeSqlDeserializer name = do
-- Look up some information about the name. This gets information about what
-- the name represents.
info <- reify name
case info of
-- Is the name a type constructor (TyConI) of a data type (DataD), with
-- only one normal constructor (NormalC)? Then, carry on.
-- dataName is the name of the type, constrName of the constructor, and
-- the paramTypes are the constructor parameter types.
-- So, if we have `data A = B String Int`, we get
-- dataName = A, constrName = B, paramTypes = [String, Int]
TyConI (DataD _ dataName _ [NormalC constrName paramTypes] _) -> do
-- If the dataName has a module name (Foo.Bar.Bla), only return the data
-- name (Bla)
let dataBaseName = nameBase dataName
-- Make a function name like "sqlToBla"
let funcName = mkName $ "sqlTo" ++ dataBaseName
-- Also access the "fromSql" function which we need below.
let fromSqlName = mkName "Database.HDBC.fromSql"
-- Count how many params our data constructor takes.
let numParams = length paramTypes
-- Create numParams new names, which are variable names with random
-- names.
-- This could create names like [param1, param2, param3] for example,
-- but typically they will look like
-- [param[aV2], param[aV3], param[aV4]]
paramNames <- replicateM numParams $ newName "param"
-- The patterns are what's on the left of the `=` in the function, e.g.
-- sqlToBla >>>[param1, param2, param3]<<< = ...
-- We make a list pattern here which matches a list of length numParams
let patterns = [ListP $ map VarP paramNames]
-- The constructor params are the params that are sent to the
-- constructor:
-- ... = Bla >>>(fromSql param1) (fromSql param2) (fromSql param3)<<<
let constrParams = map (AppE (VarE fromSqlName) . VarE) paramNames
-- Make a body where we simply apply the constructor to the params
-- ... = >>>Bla (fromSql param1) (fromSql param2) (fromSql param3)<<<
let body = NormalB (foldl AppE (ConE constrName) constrParams)
-- Return a new function declaration that does what we want.
-- It has only one clause with the patterns that are specified above.
-- sqlToBla [param1, param2, param3] =
-- Bla (fromSql param1) (fromSql param2) (fromSql param3)
return [FunD funcName [Clause patterns body []]]
今、私たちはこの関数をそのように使用します(LANGUAGE
テンプレートHaskellを有効にするプラグマに注意してください):
{-# LANGUAGE TemplateHaskell #-}
-- The module that defines makeSqlDeserializer (must be in a different module!)
import THTest
-- Also import the fromSql function which is needed by the generated function.
import Database.HDBC
-- Declare the data type
data Bla = Bla String Int deriving (Show)
-- Generate the sqlToBla function
makeSqlDeserializer ''Bla
生成された関数を確認したい場合は、-ddump-splices
コンパイル時にGHCに渡すだけです。出力は次のようになります。
test.hs:1:1: Splicing declarations
makeSqlDeserializer 'Bla
======>
test.hs:7:1-25
sqlToBla [param[aV2], param[aV3]]
= Bla (Database.HDBC.fromSql param[aV2]) (Database.HDBC.fromSql param[aV3])