基本的に、ヒットする URL ごとにアクションまたはタスクを作成し、それらをリストに入れ、そのリストを処理して、並行して処理できる数を制限します。
私のブログ投稿では、タスクとアクションの両方でこれを行う方法を示し、ダウンロードして実行して両方の動作を確認できるサンプル プロジェクトを提供しています。
アクションあり
アクションを使用する場合は、組み込みの .Net Parallel.Invoke 関数を使用できます。ここでは、最大 20 個のスレッドを並行して実行するように制限しています。
var listOfActions = new List<Action>();
foreach (var url in urls)
{
var localUrl = url;
// Note that we create the Task here, but do not start it.
listOfTasks.Add(new Task(() => CallUrl(localUrl)));
}
var options = new ParallelOptions {MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 20};
Parallel.Invoke(options, listOfActions.ToArray());
タスクあり
Tasks には組み込み関数はありません。ただし、ブログで提供しているものを使用できます。
/// <summary>
/// Starts the given tasks and waits for them to complete. This will run, at most, the specified number of tasks in parallel.
/// <para>NOTE: If one of the given tasks has already been started, an exception will be thrown.</para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tasksToRun">The tasks to run.</param>
/// <param name="maxTasksToRunInParallel">The maximum number of tasks to run in parallel.</param>
/// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
public static async Task StartAndWaitAllThrottledAsync(IEnumerable<Task> tasksToRun, int maxTasksToRunInParallel, CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken())
{
await StartAndWaitAllThrottledAsync(tasksToRun, maxTasksToRunInParallel, -1, cancellationToken);
}
/// <summary>
/// Starts the given tasks and waits for them to complete. This will run the specified number of tasks in parallel.
/// <para>NOTE: If a timeout is reached before the Task completes, another Task may be started, potentially running more than the specified maximum allowed.</para>
/// <para>NOTE: If one of the given tasks has already been started, an exception will be thrown.</para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tasksToRun">The tasks to run.</param>
/// <param name="maxTasksToRunInParallel">The maximum number of tasks to run in parallel.</param>
/// <param name="timeoutInMilliseconds">The maximum milliseconds we should allow the max tasks to run in parallel before allowing another task to start. Specify -1 to wait indefinitely.</param>
/// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
public static async Task StartAndWaitAllThrottledAsync(IEnumerable<Task> tasksToRun, int maxTasksToRunInParallel, int timeoutInMilliseconds, CancellationToken cancellationToken = new CancellationToken())
{
// Convert to a list of tasks so that we don't enumerate over it multiple times needlessly.
var tasks = tasksToRun.ToList();
using (var throttler = new SemaphoreSlim(maxTasksToRunInParallel))
{
var postTaskTasks = new List<Task>();
// Have each task notify the throttler when it completes so that it decrements the number of tasks currently running.
tasks.ForEach(t => postTaskTasks.Add(t.ContinueWith(tsk => throttler.Release())));
// Start running each task.
foreach (var task in tasks)
{
// Increment the number of tasks currently running and wait if too many are running.
await throttler.WaitAsync(timeoutInMilliseconds, cancellationToken);
cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
task.Start();
}
// Wait for all of the provided tasks to complete.
// We wait on the list of "post" tasks instead of the original tasks, otherwise there is a potential race condition where the throttler's using block is exited before some Tasks have had their "post" action completed, which references the throttler, resulting in an exception due to accessing a disposed object.
await Task.WhenAll(postTaskTasks.ToArray());
}
}
次に、タスクのリストを作成し、関数を呼び出してそれらを実行します。たとえば、一度に最大 20 個まで同時に実行すると、次のようになります。
var listOfTasks = new List<Task>();
foreach (var url in urls)
{
var localUrl = url;
// Note that we create the Task here, but do not start it.
listOfTasks.Add(new Task(async () => await CallUrl(localUrl)));
}
await Tasks.StartAndWaitAllThrottledAsync(listOfTasks, 20);