SQL句の構文定義は常に次のように見えます。
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174123.aspx
ALTER TABLE table_name
ALTER COLUMN column_name
{
type_name[({precision[.scale]})][NULL|NOT NULL]
{DROP DEFAULT
| SET DEFAULT constant_expression
| IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]
}
| ADD
{ < column_definition > | < table_constraint > } [ ,...n ]
| DROP
{ [ CONSTRAINT ] constraint_name
| COLUMN column }
] }
< column_definition > ::=
{ column_name data_type }
[ [ DEFAULT constant_expression ]
| IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]
]
[ROWGUIDCOL]
[ < column_constraint > ] [ ...n ] ]
< column_constraint > ::=
[ NULL | NOT NULL ]
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{
| { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
| REFERENCES ref_table [ (ref_column) ]
[ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION | SET DEFAULT |SET NULL } ]
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION | SET DEFAULT |SET NULL } ]
}
< table_constraint > ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ [ { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
{ ( column [ ,...n ] ) }
| FOREIGN KEY
( column [ ,...n ] )
REFERENCES ref_table [ (ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION | SET DEFAULT |SET NULL } ]
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION | SET DEFAULT |SET NULL } ]
}
「|」などの記号の基本的な意味は知っていますが、「{」、「[」などの記号の完全な説明はどこで入手できますか?