私は現在、ミニマックスアルゴリズムを自分自身に教えようとしており、それをJavaの三目並べで実装しようとしています。ただし、私のアルゴリズムにはバグがあり、その原因を特定できません。
以下は完全なソースコードです（テキストの壁でごめんなさい！）：
public class TicTacToe {
private static boolean gameEnded = false;
private static boolean player = true;
private static Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
private static Board board = new Board();
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println(board);
while(!gameEnded){
Position position = null;
if(player){
position = makeMove();
board = new Board(board, position, PlayerSign.Cross);
}else{
board = findBestMove(board);
}
player = !player;
System.out.println(board);
evaluateGame();
}
}
private static Board findBestMove(Board board) {
ArrayList<Position> positions = board.getFreePositions();
Board bestChild = null;
int previous = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
for(Position p : positions){
Board child = new Board(board, p, PlayerSign.Circle);
int current = max(child);
System.out.println("Child Score: " + current);
if(current > previous){
bestChild = child;
previous = current;
}
}
return bestChild;
}
public static int max(Board board){
GameState gameState = board.getGameState();
if(gameState == GameState.CircleWin)
return 1;
else if(gameState == GameState.CrossWin)
return -1;
else if(gameState == GameState.Draw)
return 0;
ArrayList<Position> positions = board.getFreePositions();
int best = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
for(Position p : positions){
Board b = new Board(board, p, PlayerSign.Cross);
int move = min(b);
if(move > best)
best = move;
}
return best;
}
public static int min(Board board){
GameState gameState = board.getGameState();
if(gameState == GameState.CircleWin)
return 1;
else if(gameState == GameState.CrossWin)
return -1;
else if(gameState == GameState.Draw)
return 0;
ArrayList<Position> positions = board.getFreePositions();
int best = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for(Position p : positions){
Board b = new Board(board, p, PlayerSign.Circle);
int move = max(b);
if(move < best)
best = move;
}
return best;
}
public static void evaluateGame(){
GameState gameState = board.getGameState();
gameEnded = true;
switch(gameState){
case CrossWin :
System.out.println("Game Over! Cross Won!");
break;
case CircleWin :
System.out.println("Game Over! Circle Won!");
break;
case Draw :
System.out.println("Game Over! Game Drawn!");
break;
default : gameEnded = false;
break;
}
}
public static Position makeMove(){
Position position = null;
while(true){
System.out.print("Select column(x-axis). 0, 1 or 2: ");
int column = getColOrRow();
System.out.print("Select row(y-axis). 0, 1 or 2: ");
int row = getColOrRow();
position = new Position(column, row);
if(board.isMarked(position))
System.out.println("Position already marked!");
else break;
}
return position;
}
private static int getColOrRow(){
int ret = -1;
while(true){
try{
ret = Integer.parseInt(in.nextLine());
} catch (NumberFormatException e){}
if(ret < 0 | ret > 2)
System.out.print("\nIllegal input... please re-enter: ");
else break;
}
return ret;
}
}
public enum PlayerSign{
Cross, Circle
}
public enum GameState {
Incomplete, CrossWin, CircleWin, Draw
}
public final class Position {
public final int column;
public final int row;
public Position(int column, int row){
this.column = column;
this.row = row;
}
}
public class Board {
private char[][] board; //e = empty, x = cross, o = circle.
public Board(){
board = new char[3][3];
for(int y = 0; y < 3; y++)
for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++)
board[x][y] = 'e'; //Board initially empty
}
public Board(Board from, Position position, PlayerSign sign){
board = new char[3][3];
for(int y = 0; y < 3; y++)
for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++)
board[x][y] = from.board[x][y];
board[position.column][position.row] = sign==PlayerSign.Cross ? 'x':'o';
}
public ArrayList<Position> getFreePositions(){
ArrayList<Position> retArr = new ArrayList<Position>();
for(int y = 0; y < 3; y++)
for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++)
if(board[x][y] == 'e')
retArr.add(new Position(x, y));
return retArr;
}
public GameState getGameState(){
if(hasWon('x'))
return GameState.CrossWin;
else if(hasWon('o'))
return GameState.CircleWin;
else if(getFreePositions().size() == 0)
return GameState.Draw;
else return GameState.Incomplete;
}
private boolean hasWon(char sign){ //8 ways to win.
if(board[1][1] == sign){
if(board[0][0] == sign && board[2][2] == sign)
return true;
if(board[0][2] == sign && board[2][0] == sign)
return true;
if(board[1][0] == sign && board[1][2] == sign)
return true;
if(board[0][1] == sign && board[2][1] == sign)
return true;
}
if(board[0][0] == sign){
if(board[0][1] == sign && board[0][2] == sign)
return true;
if(board[1][0] == sign && board[2][0] == sign)
return true;
}
if(board[2][2] == sign){
if(board[1][2] == sign && board[0][2] == sign)
return true;
if( board[2][1] == sign && board[2][0] == sign)
return true;
}
return false;
}
public boolean isMarked(Position position){
if(board[position.column][position.row] != 'e')
return true;
return false;
}
public String toString(){
String retString = "\n";
for(int y = 0; y < 3; y++){
for(int x = 0; x < 3; x++){
if(board[x][y] == 'x' || board[x][y] == 'o')
retString += "["+board[x][y]+"]";
else
retString += "[ ]";
}
retString += "\n";
}
return retString;
}
}
プログラムを実行したときの出力は次のとおりです（コンピューターは円です）。
[ ][ ][ ]
[ ][ ][ ]
[ ][ ][ ]
Select column(x-axis). 0, 1 or 2: 1
Select row(y-axis). 0, 1 or 2: 1
[ ][ ][ ]
[ ][x][ ]
[ ][ ][ ]
Child Score: 0
Child Score: 0
Child Score: 0
Child Score: 0
Child Score: 0
Child Score: 0
Child Score: 0
Child Score: 0
[o][ ][ ]
[ ][x][ ]
[ ][ ][ ]
Select column(x-axis). 0, 1 or 2: 0
Select row(y-axis). 0, 1 or 2: 1
[o][ ][ ]
[x][x][ ]
[ ][ ][ ]
Child Score: -1
Child Score: 0
Child Score: 0
Child Score: -1
Child Score: -1
Child Score: -1
[o][ ][o]
[x][x][ ]
[ ][ ][ ]
Select column(x-axis). 0, 1 or 2:
あなたが最初の動きの後に見ることができるように、コンピュータはそれがどんな動きをしてもそれが引き分けを得ることができると考えます（スコア= 0）。
2番目の動きで、列0、行1にクロスを置きます。何らかの理由で、コンピューターは、引き分けに到達するための2つの可能な動き（スコア= 0）と負けるための4つの動き（スコア= -1）があると考えます。 。その後、引き分けになると考えて間違った動きをします。
hasWonメソッドに何か問題があると最初に思いましたが、3つ続けて取得する8つの方法すべてをテストし、すべてtrueを返しました。
findBestMove、max、またはminメソッドのどこかに問題が存在するのではないかと思いますが、何が原因であるかを正確に把握することはできませんでした。
誰かがバグの原因を教えてくれたり、再帰的アルゴリズムをより適切にデバッグする方法について提案してくれたら、本当にありがたいです。