python - Django / mod_wsgi OSError：[Errno 13]アクセスが拒否されました：DEBUG=OFFの場合は'static'

Question

プロジェクトを仮想環境にデプロイしてmod_wsgiを使用するCentos6.2サーバー（apache、mysql、phpを実行）にDjango1.4アプリケーションがあります。アプリケーション自体は、ホストされたサービスで数年間使用していたものであり、現在は自分のラックスペースクラウドサーバーにデプロイしています。アプリの正確なバージョンは他の場所でも正常に実行されているため、この問題はアプリのデプロイ方法に関するものです。これは私の最初のpython/djangoデプロイメントです-私は以前に数十のLAMPサイトをセットアップしたので、Djangoデプロイメントに精通していないことが明らかに私を妨げています。

このアプリDEBUG = TRUEは、プロジェクトのsettings.pyファイルにあるサーバーで正常に動作しますが、これをFALSEに変更すると、サイトのフロントエンドで[500]内部サーバーエラーが発生します。

DEBUGをOFFに設定すると、apacheがmod_wsgiを介して静的ファイルを提供していることを認識しています（mod_wsgiは正常に機能しています）。これにより、構成の「何か」がこれを妨げていると思います。フォルダ内のディレクトリに./manage.py collectstaticデータを入力するコマンドを実行しました。/static/myproject

私はこれに何週間も取り組んでおり、見つけられる限り多くの展開ガイドを読んでいますが、これまでのところ喜びはありません。どうぞよろしくお願いいたします。

これが私のプロジェクトのsettings.pyファイルの関連する宣言です：

############ settings.py #############

SITE_ROOT = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
MEDIA_ROOT = '/opt/virtual/myproject/static/localtv/media/'
MEDIA_URL = 'http://example.org/static/localtv/media/'
STATIC_ROOT = '/opt/virtual/myproject/static/'
STATIC_URL = 'http://example.org/static/'

そして、これがwsgi.pyファイルです。

############# wsgi.py #################
import os
import sys
import site
site.addsitedir('/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages')

apache_configuration= os.path.dirname(__file__)
project = os.path.dirname(apache_configuration)

sys.path.append('/opt/virtual')
sys.path.append('/opt/virtual/myproject')

os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'myproject.settings'

import django.core.handlers.wsgi
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

httpd.confでの私の仮想ホスト宣言は次のようになります。

############ virtual host declaration in httpd.conf ##############
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.org
ServerAlias www.example.org
DocumentRoot /opt/virtual/myproject

Alias /robots.txt /opt/virtual/myproject/static/robots.txt
Alias /favicon.ico /opt/virtual/myproject/static/favicon.ico

AliasMatch ^/([^/]*\.css) /opt/virtual/myproject/static/styles/$1

Alias /static/ /opt/virtual/myproject/static/
Alias /media/ /opt/virtual/myproject/static/media
Alias /images /opt/virtual/myproject/static/images

<Directory /opt/virtual/myproject/static>
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Directory>

<Directory /opt/virtual/myproject/static/media>
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Directory>

WSGIDaemonProcess example.org python-path=/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages
WSGIProcessGroup example.org

WSGIScriptAlias / /opt/virtual/myproject/application/wsgi.py

<Directory /opt/virtual/myproject>
<Files wsgi.py>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Files>
</Directory>

/ROOTにある私の.bashrcファイルは次のようになります。

########### .bashrc ##################

# User specific aliases and functions

alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
    . /etc/bashrc
fi

# User specific aliases and functions
alias python='/opt/bin/python2.7'

export PYTHONPATH=/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages:$PYTHONPATH

そして最後に、トレースバックを示す私のerror_log：

    ############### error_log ###############
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] <WSGIRequest
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] path:/,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] GET:<QueryDict: {}>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] POST:<QueryDict: {}>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'DOCUMENT_ROOT': '/opt/virtual/myproject',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'HTTP_ACCEPT': "*/*",
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'HTTP_HOST': 'example.org',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'PATH_INFO': u'/',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'PATH_TRANSLATED': '/opt/virtual/myproject/application/wsgi.py/',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'QUERY_STRING': '',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'REMOTE_ADDR': '99.99.99.99',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'REMOTE_PORT': '99999',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'REQUEST_URI': '/',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SCRIPT_FILENAME': '/opt/virtual/myproject/application/wsgi.py',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SCRIPT_NAME': u'',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_ADDR': '111.111.111.111',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_ADMIN': 'root@localhost',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_NAME': 'example.org',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_PORT': '80',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.0',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_SIGNATURE': '<address>Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS) Server at example.org Port 80</address>\\n',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.application_group': 'example.org|',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.callable_object': 'application',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.handler_script': '',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.input_chunked': '0',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.listener_host': '',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.listener_port': '80',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.process_group': 'example.org',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.request_handler': 'wsgi-script',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.script_reloading': '1',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'mod_wsgi.version': (3, 3),
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.errors': <mod_wsgi.Log object at 0x7f34321aa530>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.file_wrapper': <built-in method file_wrapper of mod_wsgi.Adapter object at 0x7f34320e4e40>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.input': <mod_wsgi.Input object at 0x7f34320e02b0>,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.multiprocess': False,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.multithread': True,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.run_once': False,
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http',
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error]  'wsgi.version': (1, 1)}>
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99] mod_wsgi (pid=21520): Exception occurred processing WSGI script '/opt/virtual/myproject/application/wsgi.py'.
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99] Traceback (most recent call last):
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py", line 241, in __call__
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     response = self.get_response(request)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 179, in get_response
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     response = self.handle_uncaught_exception(request, resolver, sys.exc_info())
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 228, in handle_uncaught_exception
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return callback(request, **param_dict)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py", line 91, in _wrapped_view
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/defaults.py", line 33, in server_error
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return http.HttpResponseServerError(t.render(Context({})))
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 140, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self._render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 134, in _render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 123, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return compiled_parent._render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 134, in _render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 62, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     result = block.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/defaults.py", line 33, in server_error
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return http.HttpResponseServerError(t.render(Context({})))
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 140, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self._render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 134, in _render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 123, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return compiled_parent._render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 134, in _render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return self.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/loader_tags.py", line 62, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     result = block.nodelist.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 823, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     bit = self.render_node(node, context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py", line 837, in render_node
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return node.render(context)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/templatetags/compress.py", line 91, in render
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     rendered_output = compressor.output(self.mode, forced=forced)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/css.py", line 53, in output
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     ret.append(subnode.output(*args, **kwargs))
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/css.py", line 55, in output
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return super(CssCompressor, self).output(*args, **kwargs)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/base.py", line 221, in output
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     finished_content = self.handle_output(mode, filtered_content, forced)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/base.py", line 233, in handle_output
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     return output_func(mode, content, forced)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/compressor/base.py", line 245, in output_file
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     self.storage.save(new_filepath, ContentFile(content))
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 45, in save
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     name = self._save(name, content)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/files/storage.py", line 168, in _save
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     os.makedirs(directory)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]   File "/opt/virtual/myapp/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99]     mkdir(name, mode)
    [Mon Jul 09 09:21:13 2012] [error] [client 99.99.99.99] OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/opt/virtual/myproject/static/CACHE/css'

score 7 · Accepted Answer

ほぼ同様の条件で、あなたと同じエラーを受け取りました (CentOS ではなく Ubuntu を実行していました)。

お気づきのように、DEBUG = FALSE で実行すると、実際には wsgi を実行しています。これは、DEBUG = TRUE で実行している場合、実際にはユーザーの権限を使用していることを意味しますが、DEBUG = FALSE で実行している場合、Apache のユーザーの権限を使用して実行していることを意味します。Apache が使用するユーザーはwww-data.

www-dataは所有者でも、を所有するユーザーのグループにも属していません/var/www。これは、www-dataが他のものとして扱われother、権限が他の人に設定されていることを意味します。

これに対する悪い解決策は、次のことです。

sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www/

これにより、全員が内のすべてに完全にアクセスできるようになりますが/var/www/、これは明らかに非常に悪い考えです。

別の悪い解決策は、次のことです。

sudo chown -R www-data /var/www/

これにより、所有者がに変更されwww-data、セキュリティの脆弱性が生じます。

良い解決策は次のとおりです。

sudo groupadd varwwwusers
sudo adduser www-data varwwwusers
sudo chgrp -R varwwwusers /var/www/
sudo chmod -R 770 /var/www/

これによりグループが追加www-dataされ、そのグループがおよびそのすべてのサブフォルダーvarwwwusersのグループとして設定されます。所有者とグループに読み取り、書き込み、実行のアクセス許可を与え、他のユーザーがアクセスできないようにします。/var/www/chmod

python - Django / mod_wsgi OSError：[Errno 13]アクセスが拒否されました：DEBUG=OFFの場合は'static'

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