この質問では、メーカーとモデルのモデリングを備えたマルチテナントデータベースを使用するアプリケーションについて考えてみます。車の話をすると、メーカーはフォード、シボレー、BMWなどで、モデルはF-150、カマロ、M3になります。
モデルとメーカーの関係は多対1です。各テナントのデータは、customer_idを使用して分離されます。
データモデルの要件：
- メーカーとモデルをマスターレベルで定義して、すべての顧客が利用できるようにすることができます
- お客様は、使用するマスターエンティティを選択します
- 顧客はマスターモデルまたはメーカーの属性を上書きできます
- 顧客は独自のメーカーを作成できます
- お客様は、自社またはマスターメーカー向けに独自のモデルを作成できます
- モデル内の他のエンティティはこれらのエンティティに関連しているため、外部キーを作成できるメインテーブルがそれぞれに1つあることが望ましいです。この例では、メーカーとモデルのテーブルがその役割を果たします。
この例では：
- 顧客1は、フォードを現状のまま使用し、シボレーをオーバーライドし、2つのカスタムメーカーを追加します
- 顧客1はシボレーとBMWをそのまま使用し、1つのカスタムメーカーを追加します
- スクリプトのコメントに従ってモデルが作成されます
以下は、すべての要件を満たす注釈付きのサンプル実装です。
- これをどのように改善できますか？
- これらの関係を他にどのようにモデル化できますか？
メーカーテーブル
/*
* Master manufacturers shared between all customers
*/
CREATE TABLE master_manufacturers (
master_manufacturer_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
attribute_1 VARCHAR(50),
/* ... */
attribute_n VARCHAR(50),
PRIMARY KEY (master_manufacturer_id)
);
INSERT INTO
master_manufacturers (master_manufacturer_id, name)
VALUES
(1, 'Ford'),
(2, 'Chevrolet'),
(3, 'BMW');
/*
* A Customer's manufacturer.
* If master_manufacturer_id IS NULL, then it is a custom manufacturer and manufacturer_custom contains the data
* If master_manufacturer_id IS NOT NULL and manufacturer_custom does not exist, then the master is used without modification
* If master_manufacturer_id IS NOT NULL and manufacturer_custom exists, then the master is overridden
*/
CREATE TABLE manufacturers (
manufacturer_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
customer_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
master_manufacturer_id INTEGER,
PRIMARY KEY (manufacturer_id),
FOREIGN KEY (master_manufacturer_id) REFERENCES master_manufacturers (master_manufacturer_id),
UNIQUE (customer_id, master_manufacturer_id)
);
INSERT INTO
manufacturers (manufacturer_id, customer_id, master_manufacturer_id)
VALUES
(1, 1, 1),
(2, 1, 2),
(3, 1, NULL),
(4, 1, NULL),
(5, 2, 2),
(6, 2, 3),
(7, 2, NULL);
CREATE TABLE manufacturer_custom (
manufacturer_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
attribute_1 VARCHAR(50),
/* ... */
attribute_n VARCHAR(50),
PRIMARY KEY (manufacturer_id),
FOREIGN KEY (manufacturer_id) REFERENCES manufacturers (manufacturer_id)
);
INSERT INTO
manufacturer_custom (manufacturer_id, name)
VALUES
(2, 'Chevy'),
(3, 'Cust 1 Custom 1'),
(4, 'Cust 1 Custom 2'),
(7, 'Cust 2 Custom 1');
モデルテーブル
/*
* Master models shared between all customers
*/
CREATE TABLE master_models (
master_model_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
master_manufacturer_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
attribute_1 VARCHAR(50),
/* ... */
attribute_n VARCHAR(50),
PRIMARY KEY (master_model_id),
FOREIGN KEY (master_manufacturer_id) REFERENCES master_manufacturers (master_manufacturer_id)
);
INSERT INTO
master_models (master_model_id, master_manufacturer_id, name)
VALUES
(1, 1, 'F-150'),
(2, 1, 'F-250'),
(3, 1, 'Falcon'),
(4, 2, 'Camaro'),
(5, 2, 'Corvette'),
(6, 3, 'M3'),
(7, 3, '135i');
/*
* A Customer''s model.
* If master_model_id IS NULL, then it is a custom model and model_custom contains the data
* If master_model_id IS NOT NULL and model_custom does not exist, then the master is used without modification
* If master_model_id IS NOT NULL and model_custom exists, then the master is overridden
*/
CREATE TABLE models (
model_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
master_model_id INTEGER,
manufacturer_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
attribute_1 VARCHAR(50),
/* ... */
attribute_n VARCHAR(50),
PRIMARY KEY (model_id),
FOREIGN KEY (master_model_id) REFERENCES master_models (master_model_id)
);
INSERT INTO
models (model_id, master_model_id, manufacturer_id)
VALUES
(1, 1, 1), /* F-150 for customer_1's Ford */
(2, 2, 1), /* F-250 for customer_1's Ford */
(3, 4, 2), /* Camaro for customer_1's Chevy */
(4, 4, 5), /* Camaro for customer_2's Chevrolet */
(5, 5, 5), /* Corvette for customer_2's Chevrolet */
(6, 6, 6), /* M3 for customer_2's BMW */
(7, NULL, 1), /* F-350 (custom) for customer_1's Ford */
(8, NULL, 6), /* M7 (custom) for customer_2's BMW */
(9, NULL, 7); /* Custom Model (custom) for customer_2's Custom Mfg */
CREATE TABLE model_custom (
model_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
attribute_1 VARCHAR(50),
/* ... */
attribute_n VARCHAR(50),
PRIMARY KEY (model_id),
FOREIGN KEY (model_id) REFERENCES models (model_id)
);
INSERT INTO
model_custom (model_id, name)
VALUES
(7, 'F-350'), /* F-350 for customer_1's Ford */
(8, 'M7'), /* M7 for customer_2's BMW */
(9, 'Custom Model'); /* Custom Model for customer_2's Custom Mfg */
これらのテーブルの使用を簡素化するビュー
/*
* View for a customer''s manufacturers
*/
CREATE VIEW vw_manufacturers AS
SELECT
m.customer_id,
m.manufacturer_id,
COALESCE(cm.name, mm.name) AS name,
COALESCE(cm.attribute_1, mm.attribute_1) AS attribute_1,
/* ... */
COALESCE(cm.attribute_n, mm.attribute_n) AS attribute_n
FROM
manufacturers m
LEFT JOIN
master_manufacturers mm
USING
(master_manufacturer_id)
LEFT JOIN
manufacturer_custom cm
USING
(manufacturer_id);
/*
* View for a customer's models
*/
CREATE VIEW vw_models AS
SELECT
mfg.customer_id,
mfg.manufacturer_id,
mfg.name AS manufacturers_name,
m.model_id,
COALESCE(cm.name, mm.name) AS name,
COALESCE(cm.attribute_1, mm.attribute_1) AS attribute_1,
/* ... */
COALESCE(cm.attribute_n, mm.attribute_n) AS attribute_n
FROM
vw_manufacturers mfg,
models m
LEFT JOIN
master_models mm
USING
(master_model_id)
LEFT JOIN
model_custom cm
USING
(model_id)
WHERE
mfg.manufacturer_id = m.manufacturer_id;
customer_id1のメーカー
SELECT manufacturer_id, name FROM vw_manufacturers WHERE customer_id = 1;
manufacturer_id | name
-----------------+-----------------
1 | Ford
2 | Chevy
3 | Cust 1 Custom 1
4 | Cust 1 Custom 2
customer_id2のメーカー
SELECT manufacturer_id, name FROM vw_manufacturers WHERE customer_id = 2;
manufacturer_id | name
-----------------+-----------------
5 | Chevrolet
6 | BMW
7 | Cust 2 Custom 1
customer_id1のモデル
SELECT * FROM vw_models WHERE customer_id = 1;
customer_id | manufacturer_id | manufacturers_name | model_id | name
-------------+-----------------+--------------------+----------+--------
1 | 1 | Ford | 1 | F-150
1 | 1 | Ford | 2 | F-250
1 | 2 | Chevy | 3 | Camaro
1 | 1 | Ford | 7 | F-350
customer_id2のモデル
SELECT * FROM vw_models WHERE customer_id = 2;
customer_id | manufacturer_id | manufacturers_name | model_id | name
-------------+-----------------+--------------------+----------+--------------
2 | 5 | Chevrolet | 4 | Camaro
2 | 5 | Chevrolet | 5 | Corvette
2 | 6 | BMW | 6 | M3
2 | 6 | BMW | 8 | M7
2 | 7 | Cust 2 Custom 1 | 9 | Custom Model