xp_cmdshell
ストアド プロシージャを使用せずに SQL Server のフォルダー内のファイルを一覧表示するにはどうすればよいですか?
6 に答える
xp_dirtreeを使用できます
それは3つのパラメータを取ります:
ルートディレクトリのパス、ファイル とフォルダを取得する深さ。最後のパスは、フォルダのみ、またはフォルダとファイルの両方を表示するためのものです。
例:EXEC xp_dirtree 'C:\', 2, 1
xp_DirTreeを使用して実行し、必要に応じてループして完全なファイルパスを生成できます。
これは、データベースをテストサーバーに自動的に復元するために使用するスクリプトの抜粋です。フォルダとすべてのサブフォルダをスキャンしてバックアップファイルを探し、フルパスを返します。
DECLARE @BackupDirectory SYSNAME = @BackupFolder
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#DirTree') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #DirTree
CREATE TABLE #DirTree (
Id int identity(1,1),
SubDirectory nvarchar(255),
Depth smallint,
FileFlag bit,
ParentDirectoryID int
)
INSERT INTO #DirTree (SubDirectory, Depth, FileFlag)
EXEC master..xp_dirtree @BackupDirectory, 10, 1
UPDATE #DirTree
SET ParentDirectoryID = (
SELECT MAX(Id) FROM #DirTree d2
WHERE Depth = d.Depth - 1 AND d2.Id < d.Id
)
FROM #DirTree d
DECLARE
@ID INT,
@BackupFile VARCHAR(MAX),
@Depth TINYINT,
@FileFlag BIT,
@ParentDirectoryID INT,
@wkSubParentDirectoryID INT,
@wkSubDirectory VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @BackupFiles TABLE
(
FileNamePath VARCHAR(MAX),
TransLogFlag BIT,
BackupFile VARCHAR(MAX),
DatabaseName VARCHAR(MAX)
)
DECLARE FileCursor CURSOR LOCAL FORWARD_ONLY FOR
SELECT * FROM #DirTree WHERE FileFlag = 1
OPEN FileCursor
FETCH NEXT FROM FileCursor INTO
@ID,
@BackupFile,
@Depth,
@FileFlag,
@ParentDirectoryID
SET @wkSubParentDirectoryID = @ParentDirectoryID
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
--loop to generate path in reverse, starting with backup file then prefixing subfolders in a loop
WHILE @wkSubParentDirectoryID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
SELECT @wkSubDirectory = SubDirectory, @wkSubParentDirectoryID = ParentDirectoryID
FROM #DirTree
WHERE ID = @wkSubParentDirectoryID
SELECT @BackupFile = @wkSubDirectory + '\' + @BackupFile
END
--no more subfolders in loop so now prefix the root backup folder
SELECT @BackupFile = @BackupDirectory + @BackupFile
--put backupfile into a table and then later work out which ones are log and full backups
INSERT INTO @BackupFiles (FileNamePath) VALUES(@BackupFile)
FETCH NEXT FROM FileCursor INTO
@ID,
@BackupFile,
@Depth,
@FileFlag,
@ParentDirectoryID
SET @wkSubParentDirectoryID = @ParentDirectoryID
END
CLOSE FileCursor
DEALLOCATE FileCursor
必要なsysadminアクセス許可を付与しxp_dirtree
ないようにするには、代わりに次の手順を実行します。
SQLCLR
ファイルのリストを結果セットとして返す外部アクセス許可を持つSQLCLRアセンブリを作成します。これを行う方法の例はたくさんあります。
これは、純粋な SQLを使用して SQLCLR を作成するものです。ジョナサン・ケヘイアスによるものです。完全な説明。
(インストールしたら、次のように呼び出します: SELECT * FROM master.dbo.os_directory_info('C:\', default)
)
ディレクトリ一覧機能を作成する SQL スクリプト
/*
-- To uninstall:
USE [master]
GO
DROP FUNCTION [dbo].[os_directory_info]
DROP ASSEMBLY SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser
DROP USER SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
DROP LOGIN SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
DROP ASYMMETRIC KEY SQLCLRNet_ExampleKey
GO
*/
/*
* This script creates a function that lists the contents of the given directory.
* It uses a .NET CLR instead of the unsecure option of using xp_cmdshell or xp_dirtree which require sysadmin priveleges.
* It is the handywork of Jonathan Kehayias. You can find the complete explanation and source code here: https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/trading-in-xp_cmdshell-for-sqlclr-part-1-list-directory-contents
*
* Once installed, call the function using something like:
* SELECT *
* FROM master.dbo.os_directory_info('C:\', default)
*/
-- Enable Common Language Runtimes (.NET code plugins)
-- (Microsoft Docs on this: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/clr-integration/clr-integration-enabling?view=sql-server-ver15)
EXEC sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1;
RECONFIGURE;
GO
USE [master]
GO
/****** Object: SqlAssembly [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser] Script Date: 01/23/2009 22:19:49 ******/
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.assemblies asms WHERE asms.name = N'SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser')
DROP ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]
GO
/****** Object: SqlAssembly [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser] Script Date: 01/23/2009 22:19:49 ******/
CREATE ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
-- Hexadecimal representation of Precompiled Binary below. (Source code here: https://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/trading-in-xp_cmdshell-for-sqlclr-part-1-list-directory-contents)
FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE
GO
-- Create the Asymmetric Key from the Assembly. (More about `CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY`: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/create-asymmetric-key-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15#:~:text=An%20asymmetric%20key%20is%20a,generates%20a%20new%20key%20pair.&text=The%20private%20key%20can%20be,1024%2C%20or%202048%20bits%20long.)
CREATE ASYMMETRIC KEY SQLCLRNet_ExampleKey
FROM ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser]
GO
-- Create the Login from the Asymmetric Key
CREATE LOGIN SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
FROM ASYMMETRIC KEY SQLCLRNet_ExampleKey
GO
-- Grant the External Access Privilege to the Login
GRANT EXTERNAL ACCESS ASSEMBLY TO SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
GO
-- Create the database user for Authorization on the Assembly
CREATE USER SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin FOR LOGIN SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
GO
-- Set Authorization to the Database User
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON ASSEMBLY::[SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser] TO SQLCLRNet_ExampleLogin
GO
-- Set the Assembly for External Access
ALTER ASSEMBLY [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser] WITH PERMISSION_SET = EXTERNAL_ACCESS
GO
-- Create the TSQL Function that maps to the Assembly
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[os_directory_info](@path [nvarchar](max), @filter [nvarchar](100) = null)
RETURNS TABLE (
[name] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
[is_directory] [bit] NULL,
[size_in_bytes] [bigint] NULL,
[create_date] [datetime] NULL,
[last_written_to] [datetime] NULL,
[last_accessed] [datetime] NULL,
[attributes] [nvarchar](max) NULL
) WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS
EXTERNAL NAME [SQLCLRNet_DirectoryBrowser].[UserDefinedFunctions].[os_directory_info]
/*
You can now run this function using something like
SELECT *
FROM master.dbo.os_directory_info('C:\', default)
*/
元の記事: SQLCLR 用の xp_cmdshell の取引 (パート 1) - ディレクトリの内容の一覧表示
と に勝る主な利点:xp_cmdshell
xp_dirtree
- 実行時にsysadminパーミッションは必要ありません。
- 文書化されていないため、機能がなくなるリスクはありません。
- 限られた攻撃面
必要に応じて、CLR関数/アセンブリを使用してこれを実現できます。
- SQLServerCLRアセンブリプロジェクトを作成します。
- プロパティに移動し、接続のアクセス許可レベルが外部に設定されていることを確認します
- アセンブリにSQL関数を追加します。
これは、テーブルのように結果セットから選択できるようにする例です。
public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
[SqlFunction(DataAccess = DataAccessKind.Read,
FillRowMethodName = "GetFiles_FillRow", TableDefinition = "FilePath nvarchar(4000)")]
public static IEnumerable GetFiles(SqlString path)
{
return System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(path.ToString()).Select(s => new SqlString(s));
}
public static void GetFiles_FillRow(object obj,out SqlString filePath)
{
filePath = (SqlString)obj;
}
};
そしてあなたのSQLクエリ。
use MyDb
select * From GetFiles('C:\Temp\');
ただし、次のSQLコマンドを使用して、データベースでCLRアセンブリ機能を有効にする必要があることに注意してください。
sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
CLRアセンブリ(などXP_CMDShell
)はデフォルトで無効になっているため、XP Cmdシェルを使用しない理由が権限を持っていないためである場合は、このオプションでも問題が発生する可能性があります...参考までに。
私は何年にもわたってこれに対する適切で簡単な解決策を見つけようと探し回り、最終的にはばかげて複雑な CLR ソリューションをいくつか見つけたので、独自の単純な VB ソリューションを作成することにしました。[インストールされたテンプレート] の下の [データベース] タブから新しい VB CLR プロジェクトを作成し、新しいSQL CLR VB ユーザー定義関数を追加するだけです。名前をCLRGetFilesInDir.vbに変更しました。中のコードはこちら...
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.Sql
Imports System.Data.SqlTypes
Imports Microsoft.SqlServer.Server
Imports System.IO
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Class CLRFilesInDir
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
<SqlFunction(FillRowMethodName:="FillRowFiles", IsDeterministic:=True, IsPrecise:=True, TableDefinition:="FilePath nvarchar(4000)")> _
Public Shared Function GetFiles(PathName As SqlString, Pattern As SqlString) As IEnumerable
Dim FileNames As String()
Try
FileNames = Directory.GetFiles(PathName, Pattern, SearchOption.TopDirectoryOnly)
Catch
FileNames = Nothing
End Try
Return FileNames
End Function
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Shared Sub FillRowFiles(ByVal obj As Object, ByRef Val As SqlString)
Val = CType(obj, String).ToString
End Sub
End Class
また、[プロジェクト プロパティ]ウィンドウの [アセンブリ名]をCLRExcelFilesに変更し、[既定の名前空間] をCLRGetExcelFilesに変更しました。
注: SQL Server 2012 未満のものを使用している場合は、ターゲット フレームワークを 3.5 に設定します。
プロジェクトをコンパイルし、CLRExcelFiles.dll を \bin\release からSQL Server マシンのC:\temp などの場所(自分のマシンではありません) にコピーします。
SSMS:-
CREATE ASSEMBLY <your assembly name in here - anything you like>
FROM 'C:\temp\CLRExcelFiles.dll';
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fnGetFiles
(
@PathName NVARCHAR(MAX),
@Pattern NVARCHAR(MAX)
)
RETURNS TABLE (Val NVARCHAR(100))
AS
EXTERNAL NAME <your assembly name>."CLRGetExcelFiles.CLRFilesInDir".GetFiles;
GO
それからそれを呼び出します
SELECT * FROM dbo.fnGetFiles('\\<SERVERNAME>\<$SHARE>\<folder>\' , '*.xls')
注: [プロジェクト プロパティ] の [SQLCLR] タブでアクセス許可レベルを EXTERNAL_ACCESS に変更しましたが、(再) 作成するたびにこれを実行する必要がありました。
ALTER ASSEMBLY [CLRFilesInDirAssembly]
WITH PERMISSION_SET = EXTERNAL_ACCESS
GO
そしてウッラー!それはうまくいくはずです。
非常に簡単です。SQLCMD 構文を使用するだけです。
SSMS で SQLCMD モードを有効にすることを忘れないでください。[クエリ] -> [SQLCMD モード] の下を見てください。
実行してみてください:
!!DIR
!!:GO
あるいは:
!!DIR "c:/temp"
!!:GO