このコードを試すと、キャンバスの背景色とペイントの色を変更するのに役立ちます。アプリでこれを使用しています。
package com.kidsfingerpainting;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Path;
import android.graphics.PorterDuff.Mode;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
public class CanvasView extends View {
    private Paint mPaint;
    private Bitmap mBitmap;
    private Canvas mCanvas;
    private android.graphics.Path mPath;
    private Paint mBitmapPaint;
    private ArrayList<Path> paths = new ArrayList<Path>();
    private ArrayList<Path> undonePaths = new ArrayList<Path>();
    public static int selectedcolor;
    private Map<Path, Integer> colorsMap = new HashMap<Path, Integer>();
    public CanvasView(Context c, int width, int height) {
        super(c);
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
        mPaint.setDither(true);
        mPaint.setColor(0xFF000000);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        mPaint.setStrokeJoin(Paint.Join.ROUND);
        mPaint.setStrokeCap(Paint.Cap.ROUND);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        mCanvas = new Canvas();
        mPath = new Path();
        mBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        mCanvas = new Canvas(mBitmap);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.black);
    }
    public CanvasView(Context context, AttributeSet arr) {
        super(context, arr);
    }
    // ////////////////////////all color for brush/////////////////
    public void setPaintMode() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFF000000);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
    }
    public void set_PaintModetrans() {
        mPaint.setColor(0x00000000);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_violet() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFF8B00FF);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.violet);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_indigo() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFF000066);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.indigo);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_blue() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFF0000FF);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.blue);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_green() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFF00FF00);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.green);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_yellow() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFFFFFF00);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.yellow);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_orange() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFFFF7F00);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.orange);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_red() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFFFF0000);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.red);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_redbg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFFFF0000);
        mPaint.setColor(0x00000000);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_pink() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFFFF33CC);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.pink);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_white() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFFFFFFFF);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.white);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_black() {
        mPaint.setColor(0xFF000000);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.black);
    }
    // /////////////////////// all background color set code////////////
    public void setPaintMode_blackbg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFF000000);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_whitebg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFFFFFFFF);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_pinkbg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFFFF33CC);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_orangebg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFFFF7F00);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_yellowbg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFFFFFF00);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_greenbg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFF00FF00);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_bluebg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFF0000FF);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_indigobg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFF000066);
    }
    public void setPaintMode_violetbg() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(0xFF8B00FF);
    }
    // ////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    public void setEraseMode() {
        selectedcolor = getResources().getColor(R.color.white);
        mPaint.setColor(0xFFFFFFFF);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(10);
    }
    @Override
    protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
        super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        canvas.drawBitmap(mBitmap, 0, 0, mBitmapPaint);
        for (Path p : paths) {
            mPaint.setColor(colorsMap.get(p));
            canvas.drawPath(p, mPaint);
        }
        mPaint.setColor(selectedcolor);
        canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
    }
    private float mX, mY;
    private static final float TOUCH_TOLERANCE = 8;
    private void touch_start(float x, float y) {
        mPath.reset();
        mPath.moveTo(x, y);
        mX = x;
        mY = y;
    }
    private void touch_move(float x, float y) {
        float dx = Math.abs(x - mX);
        float dy = Math.abs(y - mY);
        if (dx >= TOUCH_TOLERANCE || dy >= TOUCH_TOLERANCE) {
            mPath.quadTo(mX, mY, (x + mX) / 2, (y + mY) / 2);
            mX = x;
            mY = y;
        }
    }
    private void touch_up() {
        mPath.lineTo(mX, mY);
        paths.add(mPath);
        colorsMap.put(mPath, selectedcolor);
        mPath = new Path();
        mPath.reset();
        invalidate();
    }
    public void eraseAll() {
        if (mPath != null) {
            paths.clear();
        }
        invalidate();
    }
    @SuppressLint("ClickableViewAccessibility")
    @Override
    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        float x = event.getX();
        float y = event.getY();
        switch (event.getAction()) {
        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
            touch_start(x, y);
            invalidate();
            break;
        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
            touch_move(x, y);
            // currentMoveList.add(mPath);
            invalidate();
            break;
        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
            touch_up();
            invalidate();
            break;
        }
        return true;
    }
    public void resetcanvas() {
        mCanvas.drawColor(Color.TRANSPARENT, Mode.CLEAR);
    }
    public void onClickUndo() {
        if (paths.size() > 0) {
            undonePaths.add(paths.remove(paths.size() - 1));
            invalidate();
        } else {
        }
    }
}
これを行うことで、アクティビティから任意のメソッドを呼び出すことができます。
CanvasView canvas = new CanvasView(MainActivity.this, width, height);
        frame_layout.addView(canvas);
これを oncreate メソッドに貼り付けます。
// Onclick リスナーを設定し、次のコードを使用します
undo = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.undo);
        undo.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                canvas.onClickUndo();
            }
        });
        eraser = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.eraser);
        eraser.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                canvas.setEraseMode();
            }
        });
        clear = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.clear);
        clear.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                canvas.eraseAll();
            }
        });