昨日、みんなが家族と楽しい時間を過ごせたことを願っています！郊外にいる家族を訪ねているときに、締め切りが迫っているいくつかのプロジェクトに着手しようと思いました。そのうちの 1 つは、構造体の配列を使用してデータを保存および変更する C で記述されたコードを C++ に変換することです。オブジェクトの配列を使用するコード。私は最近 C プログラミングの構文に慣れてきましたが、これが C++ での最初のプロジェクトになります。クラスが構造体に非常に似ていることは理解していますが、構文とアクセス指定子の概念について混乱しています。以下は、私のオリジナルの C コードと、変更のリストです。この種の作業のための優れたソース/チュートリアルを含む、開始方法に関する提案は大歓迎です。よろしくお願いします！
変更:
- クラス内のすべてのデータをプライベートとして宣言します。
- プログラムが動作するために必要なすべての機能を提供するメソッド (クラス関数) を提供します。特に、クラスのコンストラクター メソッドを宣言します。
- プログラムに必要なメソッドに加えて、クラス内の各プライベート データ メンバーに対してアクセス (\get") およびミューテーター (\set") 関数を記述します。
私のコード:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//Function Prototypes
void insertFirstName(struct structureName[], char[], int);
void insertLastName(struct structureName[], char[], int);
void insertHomeNumber(struct structureName[], char[], int);
void insertCellNumber(struct structureName[], char[], int);
void printPhoneBook(struct structureName[], int);
int deleteFriend(struct structureName[], char[], int);
void showFriend(struct structureName[], char[], int);
void saveFile(FILE*, struct structureName[], int);
int loadFile(FILE*, struct structureName[]);
//Structure Declaration
typedef struct structureName{
char *fName; //member for First Name
char *lName; //member for Last Name
char *hPhone; //member for Home Phone
char *cPhone; //member for Cell Phone
} pbFriend;
int main(){
int x = 0;
int flag = 0; //returned in delete function to account for empty phonebook
int entryCount = 0;//variable for count of entries
int menuChoice = 0; //variable for switch statement
int count = 0; //counter keeps track of entry numbers
char name[100] = {'\0'}; //place holder for entries
pbFriend phoneBook[1000] = {'\0'}; //create instance
char fileSave = '\0'; //variable for selection on file save query
char fileLoad = '\0'; //variable for selection on file load query
FILE *pbData; //file pointer
do{
//load file to phone book query
printf("Welcome! Would you like to load a file into the phonebook? (y/n): ");
scanf("%c",&fileLoad);
getchar();
if(fileLoad=='y'||fileLoad=='Y'){
count = loadFile(pbData,phoneBook);
printf("Success! File loaded!\n");
entryCount = count;
} //end if
else{
if(fileLoad!='n'&&fileLoad!='N'){
printf("Invalid selection.\n");
} //end if
} //end else
}while( fileLoad!='y'&&fileLoad!='Y'&&fileLoad!='n'&&fileLoad!='N'); //end do while
do{
//display menu
printf("\nPhone Book Application\n");
printf("1) Add friend\n");
printf("2) Delete friend\n");
printf("3) Show a friend\n");
printf("4) Show phone book\n");
printf("5) Quit\n");
printf("What do you want to do?: ");
scanf("%d",&menuChoice);
getchar();
switch(menuChoice){
case 1: //add friend case
printf("\nFirst name: "); //insert first name
scanf("%s",name);
getchar();
//allocate memory
phoneBook[count].fName = (char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
//memory failed to allocate
if(phoneBook[count].fName == NULL){
printf("ERROR! Out of memory!");
}//end if
//memory allocated
else{
insertFirstName(phoneBook, name, count);
}//end else
printf("Last name: "); //insert last name
scanf("%s",name);
getchar();
//allocate memory
phoneBook[count].lName = (char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
//memory failed to allocate
if(phoneBook[count].lName == NULL){
printf("ERROR! Out of memory!");
}//end if
//memory allocated
else{
insertLastName(phoneBook, name, count);
}//end else
printf("Phone number (home): "); //insert home number
scanf("%s",name);
getchar();
//allocate memory
phoneBook[count].hPhone = (char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
//memory failed to allocate
if(phoneBook[count].hPhone == NULL){
printf("ERROR! Out of memory!");
}//end if
//memory allocated
else{
insertHomeNumber(phoneBook, name, count);
}//end else
printf("Phone number (cell): "); //insert cell number
scanf("%s",name);
getchar();
//allocate memory
phoneBook[count].cPhone = (char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
//memory failed to allocate
if(phoneBook[count].cPhone == NULL){
printf("ERROR! Out of memory!");
}//end if
//memory allocated
else{
insertCellNumber(phoneBook, name, count);
}//end else
printf("Entry added to phone book!\n");
printf("\n");
count++;
entryCount++;
break;
case 2: //delete friend case
printf("\nPlease provide a last name for entry deletion: ");
scanf("%s",&name);
getchar();
strcat(name," "); //white space for string values
flag = deleteFriend(phoneBook, name, count);
//successful deletion
if(flag == 1){
printf("The entry has been deleted from the phonebook.\n");
entryCount--;
}//end if
//no deletion
else{
printf("No deletion has been made.\n");
}
printf("\n");
break;
case 3: //show friend case
printf("\n");
printf("Please provide a last name: ");
scanf("%s",&name);
getchar();
strcat(name," ");
showFriend(phoneBook, name, count);
printf("\n");
break;
case 4: //show phone book case
printf("\n");
//empty phonebook
if(entryCount == 0){
printf("The phonebook is empty.\n");
}//end if
else{
printPhoneBook(phoneBook, count);
}//end else
printf("\n");
break;
case 5: //quit case
do{
printf("\nWould you like to save the phonebook to a file? (y/n): ");
scanf("%c",&fileSave);
getchar();
switch(fileSave){
case 'y': case 'Y': //save case
saveFile(pbData,phoneBook,count);
printf("Success! File saved!");
break;
case 'n': case 'N': //exit without saving case
printf("Good bye!\n");
break;
default: //invalid case
printf("Invalid selection.\n");
break;
} //end switch
}while(fileSave!='y'&&fileSave!='Y'&&fileSave!='n'&&fileSave!='N'); //end do while
break;
default: //invalid case
printf("Invalid menu choice.\n\n");
break;
}//end switch statement
}while(menuChoice != 5); //end do while loop
getch();
return 0;
}//end main
//Function Definitions
//function to insert first name
void insertFirstName(pbFriend phoneBook[], char name[], int count){
strcpy(phoneBook[count].fName, name);
strcat(phoneBook[count].fName," ");
}
//function to insert last name
void insertLastName(pbFriend phoneBook[], char name[], int count){
strcpy(phoneBook[count].lName, name);
strcat(phoneBook[count].lName," ");
}
//function to insert home phone number
void insertHomeNumber(pbFriend phoneBook[], char name[], int count){
strcpy(phoneBook[count].hPhone, name);
strcat(phoneBook[count].hPhone," ");
}
//function to insert cell phone number
void insertCellNumber(pbFriend phoneBook[], char name[], int count){
strcpy(phoneBook[count].cPhone, name);
strcat(phoneBook[count].cPhone," ");
}
//function to delete entry
int deleteFriend(pbFriend phoneBook[], char name[], int count){
int x;
int foundFlag = 0; //foundFlag for seeing if query is in structure
char nullStr[30] = {'\0'}; //NULL string
char name2[30] = {'\0'}; //string to store first name query
//get first name to prevent multiple deletions due to same last name
printf("Please provide the first name of the entry to be deleted: ");
scanf("%s", &name2);
getchar();
strcat(name2," ");
for(x=0;x<count;x++){
if((strcmp(phoneBook[x].lName,name)==0)&&(strcmp(phoneBook[x].fName,name2)==0)){
foundFlag = 1; //entry found, proceed with delete
//free previously allocated memory
free(phoneBook[x].fName);
free(phoneBook[x].lName);
free(phoneBook[x].hPhone);
free(phoneBook[x].cPhone);
//set free strings to NULL
strcpy((phoneBook[x].fName), nullStr);
strcpy((phoneBook[x].lName), nullStr);
strcpy((phoneBook[x].hPhone), nullStr);
strcpy((phoneBook[x].cPhone), nullStr);
}//end if
}//end for
//entry not found
if(foundFlag == 0){
printf("\nSorry, there is nobody with that name in the phone book.\n");
}//end if
return foundFlag;
}//end function
//function to search entries by last name
void showFriend(pbFriend phoneBook[], char name[], int count){
int x;
int foundFlag = 0; //foundFlag for seeing if query is in structure
printf("\n");
for(x=0;x<count;x++){
if(strcmp((phoneBook[x].lName), name) == 0){
foundFlag = 1; //entry found, proceed with display
printf("%s",phoneBook[x].fName);
printf("%s",phoneBook[x].lName);
printf("%s(home) ",phoneBook[x].hPhone);
printf("%s(cell)",phoneBook[x].cPhone);
printf("\n");
}//end if
}//end for
//entry not found
if(foundFlag == 0){
printf("Sorry, there is nobody with that name in the phone book.\n");
}//end if
}//end function
//function to print phone book contents
void printPhoneBook(pbFriend phoneBook[], int count){
int x;
for(x=0;x<count;x++){
//check to avoid NULL strings, which have been deleted
if(strlen(phoneBook[x].fName) > 0){
printf("%s", phoneBook[x].fName);
printf("%s", phoneBook[x].lName);
printf("%s(home) ", phoneBook[x].hPhone);
printf("%s(cell)", phoneBook[x].cPhone);
printf("\n");
}//end if
}//end for
}//end function
//function to save to a file
void saveFile(FILE *pbData, pbFriend phoneBook[], int count){
char fileName[100] = {'\0'}; //string to store desired name to save file as
int x = 0; //counter variable
printf("Please enter the file name: ");
scanf("%s",fileName);
getchar();
//open file
pbData = fopen(fileName,"w");
//file open fail case
if(pbData == NULL){
printf("ERROR! File not saved!\n");
perror("The following error occurred"); //specifies i/o error
getchar();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); //exit program with error
} //end if
//file open success case
else{
//write to file
for(x=0;x<count;x++){
fprintf(pbData, "%s", phoneBook[x].fName);
fprintf(pbData, "%s", phoneBook[x].lName);
fprintf(pbData, "%s", phoneBook[x].hPhone);
fprintf(pbData, "%s", phoneBook[x].cPhone);
} //end for
fclose(pbData);
} //end else
}// end function
//function to load a file into the phone book
int loadFile(FILE *pbData, pbFriend phoneBook[]){
char fileName[100] = {'\0'}; //variable to store name of file to load
int count = 0; //counter variable
char tabulaRasa[30] = {'\0'}; /*NULL string to clear garbage data from the
last loop of the feof() condition when loading
files*/
printf("Please enter the name of the file you wish to load: ");
scanf("%s",fileName);
getchar();
//open file
pbData = fopen(fileName,"r");
//file open fail case
if(pbData == NULL){
printf("ERROR! Unable to load file!\n");
perror("The following error occurred"); //specifies i/o error
getchar();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); //exit program with error
} //end nested if
//file open success case
else{
//allocate memory to store data from a file
while(!feof(pbData)){
phoneBook[count].fName = (char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
if(phoneBook[count].fName == NULL){
printf("ERROR! Out of memory!");
} //end double nested if
phoneBook[count].lName = (char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
if(phoneBook[count].lName == NULL){
printf("ERROR! Out of memory!");
} //end double nested if
phoneBook[count].hPhone = (char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
if(phoneBook[count].hPhone == NULL){
printf("ERROR! Out of memory!");
} //end double nested if
phoneBook[count].cPhone = (char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
if(phoneBook[count].cPhone == NULL){
printf("ERROR! Out of memory!");
} //end double nested if
//load from file
fscanf(pbData,"%s",phoneBook[count].fName);
strcat(phoneBook[count].fName," ");
fscanf(pbData,"%s",phoneBook[count].lName);
strcat(phoneBook[count].lName," ");
fscanf(pbData,"%s",phoneBook[count].hPhone);
strcat(phoneBook[count].hPhone," ");
fscanf(pbData,"%s",phoneBook[count].cPhone);
strcat(phoneBook[count].cPhone," ");
count++; //show that entry/entries have been made from file
}//end while loop
//free memory of last entry (junk data from feof() condition)
free(phoneBook[count-1].fName);
free(phoneBook[count-1].lName);
free(phoneBook[count-1].hPhone);
free(phoneBook[count-1].cPhone);
//set newly free strings to NULL
strcpy((phoneBook[count-1].fName), tabulaRasa);
strcpy((phoneBook[count-1].lName), tabulaRasa);
strcpy((phoneBook[count-1].hPhone), tabulaRasa);
strcpy((phoneBook[count-1].cPhone), tabulaRasa);
count--;
} //end nested else
fclose(pbData);
return(count); //show that phone book is not empty
} //end if