これら2つの最も重要な違いはParallel.Invoke
、コードを続行する前にすべてのアクションが完了するのを待つのに対し、コードStartNew
の次の行に移動して、タスクが適切な時間に完了することを可能にすることです。
このセマンティックの違いは、最初の(そしておそらく唯一の)考慮事項です。しかし、情報提供の目的で、ここにベンチマークがあります:
/* This is a benchmarking template I use in LINQPad when I want to do a
* quick performance test. Just give it a couple of actions to test and
* it will give you a pretty good idea of how long they take compared
* to one another. It's not perfect: You can expect a 3% error margin
* under ideal circumstances. But if you're not going to improve
* performance by more than 3%, you probably don't care anyway.*/
void Main()
{
// Enter setup code here
var actions2 =
(from i in Enumerable.Range(1, 10000)
select (Action)(() => {})).ToArray();
var awaitList = new Task[actions2.Length];
var actions = new[]
{
new TimedAction("Task.Factory.StartNew", () =>
{
// Enter code to test here
int j = 0;
foreach(var action in actions2)
{
awaitList[j++] = Task.Factory.StartNew(action);
}
Task.WaitAll(awaitList);
}),
new TimedAction("Parallel.Invoke", () =>
{
// Enter code to test here
Parallel.Invoke(actions2);
}),
};
const int TimesToRun = 100; // Tweak this as necessary
TimeActions(TimesToRun, actions);
}
#region timer helper methods
// Define other methods and classes here
public void TimeActions(int iterations, params TimedAction[] actions)
{
Stopwatch s = new Stopwatch();
int length = actions.Length;
var results = new ActionResult[actions.Length];
// Perform the actions in their initial order.
for(int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
var action = actions[i];
var result = results[i] = new ActionResult{Message = action.Message};
// Do a dry run to get things ramped up/cached
result.DryRun1 = s.Time(action.Action, 10);
result.FullRun1 = s.Time(action.Action, iterations);
}
// Perform the actions in reverse order.
for(int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
{
var action = actions[i];
var result = results[i];
// Do a dry run to get things ramped up/cached
result.DryRun2 = s.Time(action.Action, 10);
result.FullRun2 = s.Time(action.Action, iterations);
}
results.Dump();
}
public class ActionResult
{
public string Message {get;set;}
public double DryRun1 {get;set;}
public double DryRun2 {get;set;}
public double FullRun1 {get;set;}
public double FullRun2 {get;set;}
}
public class TimedAction
{
public TimedAction(string message, Action action)
{
Message = message;
Action = action;
}
public string Message {get;private set;}
public Action Action {get;private set;}
}
public static class StopwatchExtensions
{
public static double Time(this Stopwatch sw, Action action, int iterations)
{
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++)
{
action();
}
sw.Stop();
return sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds;
}
}
#endregion
結果:
Message | DryRun1 | DryRun2 | FullRun1 | FullRun2
----------------------------------------------------------------
Task.Factory.StartNew | 43.0592 | 50.847 | 452.2637 | 463.2310
Parallel.Invoke | 10.5717 | 9.948 | 102.7767 | 101.1158
ご覧のとおり、Parallel.Invokeを使用すると、多数の新しいタスクが完了するのを待つよりも約4.5倍速くなります。もちろん、それはあなたの行動が全く何もしないときです。各アクションが多ければ多いほど、気付く違いは少なくなります。