あなたが持っているその「文字列」はJSON形式であり、PHPにはそれを使用するための関数が組み込まれています!
json_decodeを使用して、オブジェクトまたは配列に変換できます
これを PHP 配列に変換する例を次に示します。
<?php
    $json = '[{"title":"Image One","description":"Image One\r\nDescription","image":{"attachment_id":"111"}},{"title":"Image Two","description":"Image Two Description","image":{"attachment_id":"222"}},{"title":"Image Three","description":"Image Three\r\nDescription","image":{"attachment_id":"333"}}]';
    $data = json_decode($json, true);
    print_r($data);
その出力は次のとおりです。
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [title] => Image One
            [description] => Image One
Description
            [image] => Array
                (
                    [attachment_id] => 111
                )
        )
    [1] => Array
        (
            [title] => Image Two
            [description] => Image Two Description
            [image] => Array
                (
                    [attachment_id] => 222
                )
        )
    [2] => Array
        (
            [title] => Image Three
            [description] => Image Three
Description
            [image] => Array
                (
                    [attachment_id] => 333
                )
        )
)