アンチジョインパターンを使用したクエリが最も効率的な場合があります。
SELECT u.uid
, u.name
FROM users u
LEFT
JOIN users_roles r
ON r.uid = u.uid
AND r.rid IN (2,3)
WHERE r.uid IS NULL
反結合パターンは、user_roles
テーブルをLEFT [outer] JOINして、一致するすべての行をプルバックし、一致する行users
がない行を取得することです。「トリック」は、WHERE句の述語を使用して一致するすべての行を除外し、一致したユーザーからすべての行を削除することです。
NOT EXISTS相関サブクエリを使用して、同等の結果セットを取得できます。
SELECT u.uid
, u.name
FROM users u
WHERE NOT EXISTS
( SELECT 1
FROM users_roles r
WHERE r.uid = u.uid
AND r.rid IN (2,3)
)
もう1つのアプローチは、を使用するNOT IN
ことですが、効率が低下する場合もあります。パフォーマンスは多くの要因に依存します。オプティマイザは、これらのクエリごとに異なる実行プランを生成することができます。
いずれにせよ、最高のパフォーマンスを得るには、インデックス...ON users_roles (uid)
または。が必要ですON users_roles (uid,rid)
。
ファローアップ:
MySQL 5.1.34サーバーでのパフォーマンステストでは、結合防止クエリが同等のNOTEXISTSおよびNOTINクエリのほぼ2倍の速度であることがわかりました。(1.091秒対2.066秒および2.020秒)
-- setup and populate test tables
CREATE TABLE t_users
( uid INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY
, `name` VARCHAR(50)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 ;
CREATE TABLE t_users_roles
( uid INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
, rid INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
, PRIMARY KEY (uid,rid)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
ALTER TABLE t_users_roles ADD CONSTRAINT FK_t_users_roles_t_users FOREIGN KEY (uid) REFERENCES t_users (uid);
CREATE INDEX t_users_ix1 ON t_users (uid,`name`);
CREATE INDEX t_users_roles_ix1 ON t_users_roles (rid,uid);
INSERT INTO t_users (uid,`name`)
SELECT d.d*100000+e.d*10000+u.d*1000+h.d*100+t.d*10+o.d+1 AS uid
, CONCAT('NAME',LPAD(d.d*100000+e.d*10000+u.d*1000+h.d*100+t.d*10+o.d+1,8,'-')) AS `name`
FROM (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) o
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) h
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) u
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) e
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) d
;
-- 1000000 row(s) affected.
INSERT INTO t_users_roles (uid,rid)
SELECT d.d*100000+e.d*10000+u.d*1000+h.d*100+t.d*10+o.d+1 AS uid
, r.rid
FROM (SELECT 1 AS rid UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3) r
CROSS
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) o
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) t
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) h
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) u
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) e
JOIN (SELECT 0 AS d UNION ALL SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 3 UNION ALL SELECT 4 UNION ALL SELECT 5 UNION ALL SELECT 6 UNION ALL SELECT 7 UNION ALL SELECT 8 UNION ALL SELECT 9) d
WHERE (d.d*100000+e.d*10000+u.d*1000+h.d*100+t.d*10+o.d+1) % 100000 <> 0
;
-- 2999970 row(s) affected
OPTIMIZE TABLE t_users;
OPTIMIZE TABLE t_users_roles;
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits' ;
-- Variable_name Value
-- ------------- ---------
-- Qcache_hits 1117342
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'version' ;
-- Variable_name Value
-- ------------- ------------
-- version 5.1.53-log
-- table size from the file system
$ du -sh DATA/test/t_users*.ibd
72M DATA/test/t_users.ibd
133M DATA/test/t_users_roles.ibd
-- anti-join query
SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE u.uid
, u.name
FROM t_users u
LEFT
JOIN t_users_roles r
ON r.uid = u.uid
AND r.rid IN (2,3)
WHERE r.uid IS NULL ;
-- Exec: 1.095 sec
-- Exec: 1.090 sec
-- Exec: 1.091 sec
-- Exec: 1.087 sec
-- Exec: 1.090 sec
-- avg 5 executions: 1.091 sec
-- not exists query
SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE u.uid
, u.name
FROM t_users u
WHERE NOT EXISTS
( SELECT 1
FROM t_users_roles r
WHERE r.uid = u.uid
AND r.rid IN (2,3)
) ;
-- Exec: 2.071 sec
-- Exec: 2.066 sec
-- Exec: 2.059 sec
-- Exec: 2.065 sec
-- Exec: 2.070 sec
-- avg 5 executions: 2.066 sec
-- not in query
SELECT SQL_NO_CACHE u.uid
, u.name
FROM t_users u
WHERE u.uid NOT IN
( SELECT r.uid
FROM t_users_roles r
WHERE r.uid IS NOT NULL
AND r.rid IN (2,3)
) ;
-- Exec: 2.022 sec
-- Exec: 2.023 sec
-- Exec: 2.014 sec
-- Exec: 2.026 sec
-- Exec: 2.016 sec
-- avg 5 executions: 2.020 sec
SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits' ;
-- Variable_name Value
-- ------------- ---------
-- Qcache_hits 1117342
EXPLAIN output for three statements:
-- ANTI JOIN
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
-- ------------------ ------ -------------- ------------------------- ----------- ------- ----- ------- -------- ------------------------------------
1 SIMPLE u index t_users_ix1 57 1000423 100.00 Using index
1 SIMPLE r ref PRIMARY,t_users_roles_ix1 PRIMARY 4 u.uid 1 100.00 Using where; Using index; Not exists
-- NOT EXISTS
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
-- ------------------ ------ -------------- ------------------------- ----------- ------- ----- ------- -------- --------------------------
1 PRIMARY u index t_users_ix1 57 1000423 100.00 Using where; Using index
2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY r ref PRIMARY,t_users_roles_ix1 PRIMARY 4 u.uid 1 100.00 Using where; Using index
-- NOT IN
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows filtered Extra
-- ------------------ ------ -------------- ------------------------- ----------- ------- ------ ------- -------- --------------------------
1 PRIMARY u index t_users_ix1 57 1000423 100.00 Using where; Using index
2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY r index_subquery PRIMARY,t_users_roles_ix1 PRIMARY 4 func 1 100.00 Using index; Using where