82

インターネット上で、それらの違いと、どちらかを選択する理由を確認できる有効な例は見つかりませんでした。

4

6 に答える 6

93

最初の引数は 0 個以上の引数を取り、それぞれがイテラブルであり、2 番目の引数はイテラブルを生成することが期待される 1 つの引数を取ります。

from itertools import chain

chain(list1, list2, list3)

iterables = [list1, list2, list3]
chain.from_iterable(iterables)

ただしiterables、イテラブルを生成する任意のイテレータにすることができます。

def gen_iterables():
    for i in range(10):
        yield range(i)

itertools.chain.from_iterable(gen_iterables())

通常、2 番目の形式を使用するのは便利ですが、入力イテラブルを遅延してループするため、無限の数の有限イテレータをチェーンできる唯一の方法でもあります。

def gen_iterables():
    while True:
        for i in range(5, 10):
            yield range(i)

chain.from_iterable(gen_iterables())

range()上記の例では、停止することはありませんが、1 回の呼び出しで必要とされる以上のメモリを消費することのない、数値の循環パターンを生成する iterable が得られます。

于 2013-02-21T14:30:20.163 に答える
3

@martijn-pieters の回答を拡張する

iterable 内の内部アイテムへのアクセスは同じままですが、実装に関しては、

  • itertools_chain_from_iterable（つまりchain.from_iterable、Pythonで）および
  • chain_new(つまりchain、Python で)

CPython 実装では、両方ともchain_new_internalのダック型です

を使用することによる最適化の利点はありますかchain.from_iterable(x)。xは iterable の iterable です。主な目的は、フラット化されたアイテムのリストを最終的に消費することですか?

次の方法でベンチマークを試すことができます。

import random
from itertools import chain
from functools import wraps
from time import time

from tqdm import tqdm

def timing(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def wrap(*args, **kw):
        ts = time()
        result = f(*args, **kw)
        te = time()
        print('func:%r args:[%r, %r] took: %2.4f sec' % (f.__name__, args, kw, te-ts))
        return result
    return wrap

def generate_nm(m, n):
    # Creates m generators of m integers between range 0 to n.
    yield iter(random.sample(range(n), n) for _ in range(m))
    

def chain_star(x):
    # Stores an iterable that will unpack and flatten the list of list.
    chain_x = chain(*x)
    # Consumes the items in the flatten iterable.
    for i in chain_x:
        pass

def chain_from_iterable(x):
    # Stores an iterable that will unpack and flatten the list of list.
    chain_x = chain.from_iterable(x)
    # Consumes the items in the flatten iterable.
    for i in chain_x:
        pass


@timing
def versus(f, n, m):
  f(generate_nm(n, m))

P/S: ベンチマークを実行しています...結果を待っています。

結果

chain_star、m=1000、n=1000

for _ in range(10):
    versus(chain_star, 1000, 1000)

[アウト]：

func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6494 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6603 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6367 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6350 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6296 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6399 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6341 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6381 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6343 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6309 sec

chain_from_iterable、m=1000、n=1000

for _ in range(10):
    versus(chain_from_iterable, 1000, 1000)

[アウト]：

func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6416 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6315 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6535 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6334 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6327 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6471 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6426 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6287 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6353 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 1000, 1000), {}] took: 0.6297 sec

chain_star、m=10000、n=1000

func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2659 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2966 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2953 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.3141 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2802 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2799 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2848 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.3299 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2730 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.3052 sec

chain_from_iterable、m=10000、n=1000

func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.3129 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.3064 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.3071 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2660 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2837 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2877 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2756 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2939 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2715 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 10000, 1000), {}] took: 6.2877 sec

chain_star、m=100000、n=1000

func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.7874 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 63.3744 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.5584 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 63.3745 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.7982 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 63.4054 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.6769 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.6476 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 63.7397 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.8980 sec

chain_from_iterable、m=100000、n=1000

for _ in range(10):
    versus(chain_from_iterable, 100000, 1000)

[アウト]：

func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.7227 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.7717 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.7159 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.7569 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.7906 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.6211 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.7294 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.8260 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.8356 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 100000, 1000), {}] took: 62.9738 sec

chain_star、m=500000、n=1000

for _ in range(3):
    versus(chain_from_iterable, 500000, 1000)

[アウト]：

func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 500000, 1000), {}] took: 314.5671 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 500000, 1000), {}] took: 313.9270 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_star at 0x7f5c7188ef28>, 500000, 1000), {}] took: 313.8992 sec

chain_from_iterable、m=500000、n=1000

for _ in range(3):
    versus(chain_from_iterable, 500000, 1000)

[アウト]：

func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 500000, 1000), {}] took: 313.8301 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 500000, 1000), {}] took: 313.8104 sec
func:'versus' args:[(<function chain_from_iterable at 0x7f5c7188eb70>, 500000, 1000), {}] took: 313.9440 sec
于 2020-06-22T11:53:04.630 に答える