カスタム関数を作成し、目的を解決しました。これが必要な人は、以下のコードを参照して、それに応じてテーブル名と列名を変更できます。
DELIMITER $$
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS explode_table $$
CREATE PROCEDURE explode_table(bound VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
DECLARE value VARCHAR(255);
DECLARE occurance INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE splitted_value VARCHAR(255);
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT errorcodes.description
FROM errorcodes
WHERE errorcodes.description != '';
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS table2;
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE table2(
`value` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=Memory;
OPEN cur1;
read_loop: LOOP
FETCH cur1 INTO value;
IF done THEN
LEAVE read_loop;
END IF;
SET occurance = (SELECT LENGTH(value)
- LENGTH(REPLACE(value, bound, ''))
+1);
SET i=1;
WHILE i <= occurance DO
SET splitted_value =
(SELECT REPLACE(SUBSTRING(SUBSTRING_INDEX(value, bound, i),
LENGTH(SUBSTRING_INDEX(value, bound, i - 1)) + 1), ',', ''));
INSERT INTO table2 VALUES (splitted_value);
SET i = i + 1;
END WHILE;
END LOOP;
SELECT * FROM table2;
CLOSE cur1;
END; $$
呼び出すだけCALL explode_table(",")
で、目的の形式で出力が得られます。