この投稿が古いことは知っていますが、誰かが興味を持っている場合は、ここで解決策を見つけることができますhttp://www.nikolay-angelov.eu/custom-url-shortener-in-asp-net-mvc-5/
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
routes.MapRoute(
name: "URL",
url: "{shortURL}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "RedirectToLong", shortUrl = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Basic",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);