これを試して：
^(?<gtin>\(01\))(?<comp_code>12345678)(?<part_code>\d{5})0?(?<pd_ed>\((?:11|17)\))(?<date>\d{6})(?<bat_no>\((?:21|10)\))(?<data_req>\d{1,20}?)\b(?<count>(?:\(30\))?)(?<data_opt>(?:\d{1,8})?)$
上記の式は、次のすべての項目に一致する必要があります。
(01)12345678654320(11)120500(21)1234567890
(01)12345678124570(17)130700(10)30567(30)50
(01)12345678888880(11)140200(21)66503042(30)100
説明：
<!--
^(?<gtin>\(01\))(?<comp_code>12345678)(?<part_code>\d{5})0?(?<pd_ed>\((?:11|17)\))(?<date>\d{6})(?<bat_no>\((?:21|10)\))(?<data_req>\d{1,20}?)\b(?<count>(?:\(30\))?)(?<data_opt>(?:\d{1,8})?)$
Assert position at the beginning of the string «^»
Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “gtin” «(?<gtin>\(01\))»
Match the character “(” literally «\(»
Match the characters “01” literally «01»
Match the character “)” literally «\)»
Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “comp_code” «(?<comp_code>12345678)»
Match the characters “12345678” literally «12345678»
Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “part_code” «(?<part_code>\d{5})»
Match a single digit 0..9 «\d{5}»
Exactly 5 times «{5}»
Match the character “0” literally «0?»
Between zero and one times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy) «?»
Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “pd_ed” «(?<pd_ed>\((?:11|17)\))»
Match the character “(” literally «\(»
Match the regular expression below «(?:11|17)»
Match either the regular expression below (attempting the next alternative only if this one fails) «11»
Match the characters “11” literally «11»
Or match regular expression number 2 below (the entire group fails if this one fails to match) «17»
Match the characters “17” literally «17»
Match the character “)” literally «\)»
Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “date” «(?<date>\d{6})»
Match a single digit 0..9 «\d{6}»
Exactly 6 times «{6}»
Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “bat_no” «(?<bat_no>\((?:21|10)\))»
Match the character “(” literally «\(»
Match the regular expression below «(?:21|10)»
Match either the regular expression below (attempting the next alternative only if this one fails) «21»
Match the characters “21” literally «21»
Or match regular expression number 2 below (the entire group fails if this one fails to match) «10»
Match the characters “10” literally «10»
Match the character “)” literally «\)»
Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “data_req” «(?<data_req>\d{1,20}?)»
Match a single digit 0..9 «\d{1,20}?»
Between one and 20 times, as few times as possible, expanding as needed (lazy) «{1,20}?»
Assert position at a word boundary «\b»
Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “count” «(?<count>(?:\(30\))?)»
Match the regular expression below «(?:\(30\))?»
Between zero and one times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy) «?»
Match the character “(” literally «\(»
Match the characters “30” literally «30»
Match the character “)” literally «\)»
Match the regular expression below and capture its match into backreference with name “data_opt” «(?<data_opt>(?:\d{1,8})?)»
Match the regular expression below «(?:\d{1,8})?»
Between zero and one times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy) «?»
Match a single digit 0..9 «\d{1,8}»
Between one and 8 times, as many times as possible, giving back as needed (greedy) «{1,8}»
Assert position at the end of the string (or before the line break at the end of the string, if any) «$»
-->
編集
エスケープされた括弧の省略:
^(?<gtin>01)(?<comp_code>12345678)(?<part_code>\d{5})0?(?<pd_ed>(?:11|17))(?<date>\d{6})(?<bat_no>(?:21|10))(?<data_req>\d{1,20}?)\b(?<count>(?:30)?)(?<data_opt>(?:\d{1,8})?)$