http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/tutorial/use-aggregation-framework-with-java-driver/のドキュメントとチュートリアルは非常に広範です。この回答の残りの部分を読む前に、最初にそれを読んでください。一般に、次のようなものが機能するはずです。
// create our pipeline operations, first the $unwind
DBObject unwind = new BasicDBObject( "$unwind", "$scorearray" );
DBObject groupIdFields = new BasicDBObject( "player", "$player" );
groupIdFields.put( "venue", "$venue" );
DBObject groupFields = new BasicDBObject( "_id", groupIdFields );
groupFields.put( "maxScore", new BasicDBObject( "$max", "$scorearray.score" ) );
DBObject group = new BasicDBObject( "$group", groupFields );
// run aggregation
AggregationOutput output = MDB.getCollection("playerscorecollection").aggregate( unwind, group );