最初から始めましょう：
Ipython バージョン: 1.1.0
Matplotlib バージョン: 1.3.1
Latex バージョン: pdfTeX 3.1415926-2.4-1.40.13 (TeX Live 2012/Debian)
Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 内。
Ipython Notebook セッション内で以下のようなものをプロットしたい。
# Using the magic encoding
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
fig_width_pt = 512#246.0 # Get this from LaTeX using
# \showthe\columnwidth
inches_per_pt = 1.0/72.27 # Convert pt to inch
golden_mean = (sqrt(5)-1.0)/2.0 # Aesthetic ratio
fig_width = fig_width_pt*inches_per_pt # width in inches
fig_height = fig_width*golden_mean # height in inches
fig_size = [fig_width,fig_height]
params = {'backend': 'ps',
'axes.labelsize': 10,
'text.fontsize': 10,
'legend.fontsize': 10,
'xtick.labelsize': 10,
'ytick.labelsize': 10,
'text.usetex': True,
'figure.figsize': fig_size}
rcParams.update(params)
plt.xlabel(r'$Diâmetro de Agua Doce$')
plt.ylabel('Diametro de Agua Salgada')
plt.title('Distribuicao da Populacao de Salmoes')
alaska_plot_list0 = list(alaska[:,0])
alaska_plot_list1 = list(alaska[:,1])
scatter(alaska_plot_list0, alaska_plot_list1,
label="Alaska", color='green', alpha=.5)
canada_plot_list0 = list(canada[:,0])
canada_plot_list1 = list(canada[:,1])
scatter(canada_plot_list0, canada_plot_list1, label="Canada", alpha=.5)
#scatter(alaska[:,0], alaska[:,1], 'o', alpha=.5, label="Alaska")
#scatter(canada[:,0], canada[:,1], 'o', alpha=.5, label="Canada")
plt.legend()
plt.grid()
savefig('distribuicao.pdf')
次の行に注意してください。
plt.xlabel(r'$Diâmetro de Agua Doce$')
これは、LaTeX 環境内で特殊な (またはアクセント付きの文字) を使用する試みであるため、結果のグラフで正しいスペルのポルトガル語を取得できます。
このアプローチでは、次のエラーが発生します。
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnicodeDecodeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-10-a1d75b5e9ea2> in <module>()
33 plt.legend()
34 plt.grid()
---> 35 savefig('distribuicao.pdf')
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in savefig(*args, **kwargs)
559 def savefig(*args, **kwargs):
560 fig = gcf()
--> 561 return fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
562
563
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in savefig(self, *args, **kwargs)
1419 self.set_frameon(frameon)
1420
-> 1421 self.canvas.print_figure(*args, **kwargs)
1422
1423 if frameon:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in print_figure(self, filename, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, orientation, format, **kwargs)
2218 orientation=orientation,
2219 bbox_inches_restore=_bbox_inches_restore,
-> 2220 **kwargs)
2221 finally:
2222 if bbox_inches and restore_bbox:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in print_pdf(self, *args, **kwargs)
1950 from backends.backend_pdf import FigureCanvasPdf # lazy import
1951 pdf = self.switch_backends(FigureCanvasPdf)
-> 1952 return pdf.print_pdf(*args, **kwargs)
1953
1954 def print_pgf(self, *args, **kwargs):
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.pyc in print_pdf(self, filename, **kwargs)
2350 width, height, image_dpi, RendererPdf(file, image_dpi),
2351 bbox_inches_restore=_bbox_inches_restore)
-> 2352 self.figure.draw(renderer)
2353 renderer.finalize()
2354 finally:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
53 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
54 before(artist, renderer)
---> 55 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
56 after(artist, renderer)
57
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in draw(self, renderer)
1032 dsu.sort(key=itemgetter(0))
1033 for zorder, a, func, args in dsu:
-> 1034 func(*args)
1035
1036 renderer.close_group('figure')
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
53 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
54 before(artist, renderer)
---> 55 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
56 after(artist, renderer)
57
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes.pyc in draw(self, renderer, inframe)
2084
2085 for zorder, a in dsu:
-> 2086 a.draw(renderer)
2087
2088 renderer.close_group('axes')
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
53 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
54 before(artist, renderer)
---> 55 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
56 after(artist, renderer)
57
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in draw(self, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
1103 self._update_label_position(ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2)
1104
-> 1105 self.label.draw(renderer)
1106
1107 self._update_offset_text_position(ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
53 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
54 before(artist, renderer)
---> 55 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
56 after(artist, renderer)
57
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in draw(self, renderer)
545 renderer.open_group('text', self.get_gid())
546
--> 547 bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(renderer)
548 trans = self.get_transform()
549
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in _get_layout(self, renderer)
327 w, h, d = get_text_width_height_descent(clean_line,
328 self._fontproperties,
--> 329 ismath=ismath)
330 else:
331 w, h, d = 0, 0, 0
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath)
1950 fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points()
1951 w, h, d = texmanager.get_text_width_height_descent(s, fontsize,
-> 1952 renderer=self)
1953 return w, h, d
1954
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, tex, fontsize, renderer)
664 else:
665 # use dviread. It sometimes returns a wrong descent.
--> 666 dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
667 dvi = dviread.Dvi(dvifile, 72 * dpi_fraction)
668 try:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in make_dvi(self, tex, fontsize)
385 return self.make_dvi_preview(tex, fontsize)
386
--> 387 basefile = self.get_basefile(tex, fontsize)
388 dvifile = '%s.dvi' % basefile
389
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in get_basefile(self, tex, fontsize, dpi)
221 self.get_custom_preamble(), str(dpi or '')])
222 # make sure hash is consistent for all strings, regardless of encoding:
--> 223 bytes = unicode(s).encode('utf-8')
224 return os.path.join(self.texcache, md5(bytes).hexdigest())
225
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 3: ordinal not in range(128)
<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x4727a10>
Web を検索すると、アクセント付きの単語をタイプセットしようとする他の方法がいくつか見つかりましたが、見つけたすべてのリソースで問題を解決できませんでした。
次のような試行は、それぞれのエラー メッセージを表示します。
plt.xlabel(u'Diâmetro de Agua Doce')
年収:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnicodeEncodeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-11-a1e2e4496433> in <module>()
33 plt.legend()
34 plt.grid()
---> 35 savefig('distribuicao.pdf')
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in savefig(*args, **kwargs)
559 def savefig(*args, **kwargs):
560 fig = gcf()
--> 561 return fig.savefig(*args, **kwargs)
562
563
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in savefig(self, *args, **kwargs)
1419 self.set_frameon(frameon)
1420
-> 1421 self.canvas.print_figure(*args, **kwargs)
1422
1423 if frameon:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in print_figure(self, filename, dpi, facecolor, edgecolor, orientation, format, **kwargs)
2218 orientation=orientation,
2219 bbox_inches_restore=_bbox_inches_restore,
-> 2220 **kwargs)
2221 finally:
2222 if bbox_inches and restore_bbox:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyc in print_pdf(self, *args, **kwargs)
1950 from backends.backend_pdf import FigureCanvasPdf # lazy import
1951 pdf = self.switch_backends(FigureCanvasPdf)
-> 1952 return pdf.print_pdf(*args, **kwargs)
1953
1954 def print_pgf(self, *args, **kwargs):
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.pyc in print_pdf(self, filename, **kwargs)
2350 width, height, image_dpi, RendererPdf(file, image_dpi),
2351 bbox_inches_restore=_bbox_inches_restore)
-> 2352 self.figure.draw(renderer)
2353 renderer.finalize()
2354 finally:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
53 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
54 before(artist, renderer)
---> 55 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
56 after(artist, renderer)
57
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/figure.pyc in draw(self, renderer)
1032 dsu.sort(key=itemgetter(0))
1033 for zorder, a, func, args in dsu:
-> 1034 func(*args)
1035
1036 renderer.close_group('figure')
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
53 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
54 before(artist, renderer)
---> 55 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
56 after(artist, renderer)
57
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axes.pyc in draw(self, renderer, inframe)
2084
2085 for zorder, a in dsu:
-> 2086 a.draw(renderer)
2087
2088 renderer.close_group('axes')
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
53 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
54 before(artist, renderer)
---> 55 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
56 after(artist, renderer)
57
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/axis.pyc in draw(self, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
1103 self._update_label_position(ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2)
1104
-> 1105 self.label.draw(renderer)
1106
1107 self._update_offset_text_position(ticklabelBoxes, ticklabelBoxes2)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/artist.pyc in draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
53 def draw_wrapper(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs):
54 before(artist, renderer)
---> 55 draw(artist, renderer, *args, **kwargs)
56 after(artist, renderer)
57
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in draw(self, renderer)
545 renderer.open_group('text', self.get_gid())
546
--> 547 bbox, info, descent = self._get_layout(renderer)
548 trans = self.get_transform()
549
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/text.pyc in _get_layout(self, renderer)
327 w, h, d = get_text_width_height_descent(clean_line,
328 self._fontproperties,
--> 329 ismath=ismath)
330 else:
331 w, h, d = 0, 0, 0
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_pdf.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, s, prop, ismath)
1950 fontsize = prop.get_size_in_points()
1951 w, h, d = texmanager.get_text_width_height_descent(s, fontsize,
-> 1952 renderer=self)
1953 return w, h, d
1954
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in get_text_width_height_descent(self, tex, fontsize, renderer)
664 else:
665 # use dviread. It sometimes returns a wrong descent.
--> 666 dvifile = self.make_dvi(tex, fontsize)
667 dvi = dviread.Dvi(dvifile, 72 * dpi_fraction)
668 try:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in make_dvi(self, tex, fontsize)
389
390 if DEBUG or not os.path.exists(dvifile):
--> 391 texfile = self.make_tex(tex, fontsize)
392 outfile = basefile + '.output'
393 command = self._get_shell_cmd(
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/texmanager.pyc in make_tex(self, tex, fontsize)
304 else:
305 try:
--> 306 fh.write(s.encode('ascii'))
307 except UnicodeEncodeError as err:
308 mpl.verbose.report("You are using unicode and latex, but "
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xe2' in position 299: ordinal not in range(128)
<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x4613e90>
これは上記とまったく同じです。
と：
plt.xlabel('Diâmetro de Agua Doce'.decode('utf-8'))
年収:
また、上と同じです。
á、à、é、í、õ、úなどのセット文字を入力する方法はありますか?