カスタムタイプの不変性を強制する方法を探し、満足のいく答えが見つからなかったので、メタクラスの形式のソリューションで自分のショットを思いつきました。
class ImmutableTypeException( Exception ): pass
class Immutable( type ):
'''
Enforce some aspects of the immutability contract for new-style classes:
- attributes must not be created, modified or deleted after object construction
- immutable types must implement __eq__ and __hash__
'''
def __new__( meta, classname, bases, classDict ):
instance = type.__new__( meta, classname, bases, classDict )
# Make sure __eq__ and __hash__ have been implemented by the immutable type.
# In the case of __hash__ also make sure the object default implementation has been overridden.
# TODO: the check for eq and hash functions could probably be done more directly and thus more efficiently
# (hasattr does not seem to traverse the type hierarchy)
if not '__eq__' in dir( instance ):
raise ImmutableTypeException( 'Immutable types must implement __eq__.' )
if not '__hash__' in dir( instance ):
raise ImmutableTypeException( 'Immutable types must implement __hash__.' )
if _methodFromObjectType( instance.__hash__ ):
raise ImmutableTypeException( 'Immutable types must override object.__hash__.' )
instance.__setattr__ = _setattr
instance.__delattr__ = _delattr
return instance
def __call__( self, *args, **kwargs ):
obj = type.__call__( self, *args, **kwargs )
obj.__immutable__ = True
return obj
def _setattr( self, attr, value ):
if '__immutable__' in self.__dict__ and self.__immutable__:
raise AttributeError( "'%s' must not be modified because '%s' is immutable" % ( attr, self ) )
object.__setattr__( self, attr, value )
def _delattr( self, attr ):
raise AttributeError( "'%s' must not be deleted because '%s' is immutable" % ( attr, self ) )
def _methodFromObjectType( method ):
'''
Return True if the given method has been defined by object, False otherwise.
'''
try:
# TODO: Are we exploiting an implementation detail here? Find better solution!
return isinstance( method.__objclass__, object )
except:
return False
ただし、一般的なアプローチはかなりうまく機能しているように見えますが、実装の詳細はまだいくつかあります(コードのTODOコメントも参照してください)。
- 特定のメソッドが型階層のどこかに実装されているかどうかを確認するにはどうすればよいですか?
- どのタイプがメソッド宣言の原点であるか(つまり、どのタイプの一部としてメソッドが定義されているか)を確認するにはどうすればよいですか?