I wonder if this will not be off base also, but let me give it a try. This solution will require no storage but will require processing power (a tiny amount, but it would not be pencil-and-paper easy). It is essentially a homemade PRNG but may have characteristics more suitable to what you want to do than the built-in ones do.
To make your number generator, make a polynomial with prime coefficients and a prime modulus. For example, let X represent the Nth voucher you issed. Then:
Voucher Number = (23x^4+19x^3+5x^2+29x+3)%65537. This is of course just an example; you could use any number of terms, any primes you want for the coefficients, and you can make the modulus as large as you like. In fact, the modulus does not need to be prime at all. It only sets the maximum voucher number. Having the coefficients be prime helps cut down on collisions.
In this case, vouchers #100, 101, and 102 would have numbers 26158, 12076, and 6949, respectively. Consider it a sort of toy encryption where the coefficients are your key. Not super secure, but nothing with an output space as small as you are asking for would be secure against a strong adversary. But this should stop the everyday fraudster.
To confirm a valid voucher would take the computer (but calculation only, not storage). It would iterate through a few thousand or tens of thousands of input X looking for the output Y that matches the voucher presented to you. When it found the match, it could signal a valid voucher.
Alternatively, you could issue the vouchers with the serial number and the calculation concatenated together, like a value and checksum. Then you could run the calculation on the value by hand using your secret coefficients to confirm validity.
As long as you do not reveal the coefficients to anyone, it is very hard to identify a pattern in the outputs. I am not sure if this is even close to as secure as what you were looking for, but posting the idea just in case.
I miscalculated the output for 100 (did it by hand and failed). Corrected it just now. Let me add some code to illustrate how I'd check for a valid voucher:
using System;
using System.Numerics;
namespace Vouchers
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("Enter voucher number: ");
BigInteger input = BigInteger.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
for (BigInteger i = 0;i<10000000;i++)
{
BigInteger testValue = (23 * i * i * i * i + 19 * i * i * i + 5 * i * i + 29 * i + 3) % 65537;
if(testValue==input)
{
Console.WriteLine("That is voucher # " + i.ToString());
break;
}
if (i == 100) Console.WriteLine(testValue);
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}