決して完璧な実装ではありません (結局、私はそれを書きました!) が、これは役に立ちますか?
/***
* millipede: DisjointSetForest.h
* Copyright Stuart Golodetz, 2009. All rights reserved.
***/
#ifndef H_MILLIPEDE_DISJOINTSETFOREST
#define H_MILLIPEDE_DISJOINTSETFOREST
#include <map>
#include <common/exceptions/Exception.h>
#include <common/io/util/OSSWrapper.h>
#include <common/util/NullType.h>
namespace mp {
/**
@brief A disjoint set forest is a fairly standard data structure used to represent the partition of
a set of elements into disjoint sets in such a way that common operations such as merging two
sets together are computationally efficient.
This implementation uses the well-known union-by-rank and path compression optimizations, which together
yield an amortised complexity for key operations of O(a(n)), where a is the (extremely slow-growing)
inverse of the Ackermann function.
The implementation also allows clients to attach arbitrary data to each element, which can be useful for
some algorithms.
@tparam T The type of data to attach to each element (arbitrary)
*/
template <typename T = NullType>
class DisjointSetForest
{
//#################### NESTED CLASSES ####################
private:
struct Element
{
T m_value;
int m_parent;
int m_rank;
Element(const T& value, int parent)
: m_value(value), m_parent(parent), m_rank(0)
{}
};
//#################### PRIVATE VARIABLES ####################
private:
mutable std::map<int,Element> m_elements;
int m_setCount;
//#################### CONSTRUCTORS ####################
public:
/**
@brief Constructs an empty disjoint set forest.
*/
DisjointSetForest()
: m_setCount(0)
{}
/**
@brief Constructs a disjoint set forest from an initial set of elements and their associated values.
@param[in] initialElements A map from the initial elements to their associated values
*/
explicit DisjointSetForest(const std::map<int,T>& initialElements)
: m_setCount(0)
{
add_elements(initialElements);
}
//#################### PUBLIC METHODS ####################
public:
/**
@brief Adds a single element x (and its associated value) to the disjoint set forest.
@param[in] x The index of the element
@param[in] value The value to initially associate with the element
@pre
- x must not already be in the disjoint set forest
*/
void add_element(int x, const T& value = T())
{
m_elements.insert(std::make_pair(x, Element(value, x)));
++m_setCount;
}
/**
@brief Adds multiple elements (and their associated values) to the disjoint set forest.
@param[in] elements A map from the elements to add to their associated values
@pre
- None of the elements to be added must already be in the disjoint set forest
*/
void add_elements(const std::map<int,T>& elements)
{
for(typename std::map<int,T>::const_iterator it=elements.begin(), iend=elements.end(); it!=iend; ++it)
{
m_elements.insert(std::make_pair(it->first, Element(it->second, it->first)));
}
m_setCount += elements.size();
}
/**
@brief Returns the number of elements in the disjoint set forest.
@return As described
*/
int element_count() const
{
return static_cast<int>(m_elements.size());
}
/**
@brief Finds the index of the root element of the tree containing x in the disjoint set forest.
@param[in] x The element whose set to determine
@pre
- x must be an element in the disjoint set forest
@throw Exception
- If the precondition is violated
@return As described
*/
int find_set(int x) const
{
Element& element = get_element(x);
int& parent = element.m_parent;
if(parent != x)
{
parent = find_set(parent);
}
return parent;
}
/**
@brief Returns the current number of disjoint sets in the forest (i.e. the current number of trees).
@return As described
*/
int set_count() const
{
return m_setCount;
}
/**
@brief Merges the disjoint sets containing elements x and y.
If both elements are already in the same disjoint set, this is a no-op.
@param[in] x The first element
@param[in] y The second element
@pre
- Both x and y must be elements in the disjoint set forest
@throw Exception
- If the precondition is violated
*/
void union_sets(int x, int y)
{
int setX = find_set(x);
int setY = find_set(y);
if(setX != setY) link(setX, setY);
}
/**
@brief Returns the value associated with element x.
@param[in] x The element whose value to return
@pre
- x must be an element in the disjoint set forest
@throw Exception
- If the precondition is violated
@return As described
*/
T& value_of(int x)
{
return get_element(x).m_value;
}
/**
@brief Returns the value associated with element x.
@param[in] x The element whose value to return
@pre
- x must be an element in the disjoint set forest
@throw Exception
- If the precondition is violated
@return As described
*/
const T& value_of(int x) const
{
return get_element(x).m_value;
}
//#################### PRIVATE METHODS ####################
private:
Element& get_element(int x) const
{
typename std::map<int,Element>::iterator it = m_elements.find(x);
if(it != m_elements.end()) return it->second;
else throw Exception(OSSWrapper() << "No such element: " << x);
}
void link(int x, int y)
{
Element& elementX = get_element(x);
Element& elementY = get_element(y);
int& rankX = elementX.m_rank;
int& rankY = elementY.m_rank;
if(rankX > rankY)
{
elementY.m_parent = x;
}
else
{
elementX.m_parent = y;
if(rankX == rankY) ++rankY;
}
--m_setCount;
}
};
}
#endif