拒否ルールのサポートを達成するための最も関与の少ないアプローチの 1 つは、次のとおりです。
Permission
通常の肯定的な許可をラップして否定する「否定的な」サブクラスを定義します。と
- デフォルトをラップして
Policy
、それ(そのラッパー)がそのような権限を理解できるようにします。
DeniedPermission
クラス_
package com.example.q5003565;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.security.BasicPermission;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.UnresolvedPermission;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
/**
* A representation of a "negative" privilege.
* <p>
* A <code>DeniedPermission</code>, when "granted" to some <code>ProtectionDomain</code>, represents
* a privilege which <em>cannot</em> be exercised, regardless of any positive permissions
* (<code>AllPermission</code> included) possessed. In other words, if a set of granted permissions,
* <em>P</em>, contains a permission of this class, <em>D</em>, then the set of effectively granted
* permissions is<br/>
* <br/>
* <em>{ P<sub>implied</sub> - D<sub>implied</sub> }</em>.
* </p>
* <p>
* Each instance of this class encapsulates a <em>target permission</em>, representing the
* "positive" permission being negated.
* </p>
* Denied permissions employ the following naming scheme:<br/>
* <br/>
* <em><target_class_name>:<target_name>(:<target_actions>)</em><br/>
* <br/>
* where:
* <ul>
* <li><em><target_class_name></em> is the fully qualified name of the target permission's
* class,</li>
* <li><em><target_name></em> is the {@linkplain #getName() name} of the target
* permission,</li>
* <li><em>(<target_actions>)</em> is, optionally, the {@linkplain #getActions() actions
* string} of the target permission, and</li>
* <li>the <em>':'</em> character stands for itself.</li>
* </ul>
* A denied permission, having a target permission <em>t</em>, is said to
* {@linkplain #implies(Permission) <em>imply</em>} another permission <em>p</em>, iff:
* <ul>
* <li>p <em>is not</em> itself a denied permission, and <code>(t.implies(p) == true)</code>,
* or</li>
* <li>p <em>is</em> a denied permission, with a target <em>t1</em>, and
* <code>(t.implies(t1) == true)</code>.</li>
* </ul>
* <p>
* It is the responsibility of the policy decision point (e.g., the <code>Policy</code> provider) to
* take denied permission semantics into account when issuing authorization statements.
* </p>
*/
public final class DeniedPermission extends BasicPermission {
private static final String NULL_STR_ARG = "<null>", EMPTY_STR_ARG = "<empty> ";
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2102974454790623344L;
private final Permission target;
/**
* Instantiates a <code>DeniedPermission</code> that encapsulates a target permission of the
* indicated class, specified name and, optionally, actions.
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if:
* <ul>
* <li><code>targetClassName</code> is <code>null</code>, the empty string, does not
* refer to a concrete <code>Permission</code> descendant, or refers to
* <code>DeniedPermission.class</code> or <code>UnresolvedPermission.class</code>.</li>
* <li><code>targetName</code> is <code>null</code>.</li>
* <li><code>targetClassName</code> cannot be instantiated, and it's the caller's fault;
* e.g., because <code>targetName</code> and/or <code>targetActions</code> do not adhere
* to the naming constraints of the target class; or due to the target class not
* exposing a <code>(String name)</code>, or <code>(String name, String actions)</code>
* constructor, depending on whether <code>targetActions</code> is <code>null</code> or
* not.</li>
* </ul>
* @throws SecurityException
* if a <code>SecurityManager</code>, <code>sm</code>, is installed, and the invocation
* <code>sm.checkPackageAccess(targetClassPackageName)</code> (where
* <code>targetClassPackageName</code> is the package of the class referred to
* by <code>targetClassName</code>) denies access.
*/
public static DeniedPermission newDeniedPermission(String targetClassName, String targetName,
String targetActions) {
if (targetClassName == null || targetClassName.trim().isEmpty() || targetName == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("[targetClassName] and [targetName] must not be null or empty.");
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(targetClassName).append(":").append(targetName);
if (targetName != null) {
sb.append(":").append(targetName);
}
return new DeniedPermission(sb.toString());
}
/**
* Instantiates a <code>DeniedPermission</code> that encapsulates the given target permission.
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if <code>target</code> is <code>null</code>, a <code>DeniedPermission</code>, or an
* <code>UnresolvedPermission</code>.
*/
public static DeniedPermission newDeniedPermission(Permission target) {
if (target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("[target] must not be null.");
}
if (target instanceof DeniedPermission || target instanceof UnresolvedPermission) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("[target] must not be a DeniedPermission or an UnresolvedPermission.");
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(target.getClass().getName()).append(":").append(target.getName());
String targetActions = target.getActions();
if (targetActions != null) {
sb.append(":").append(targetActions);
}
return new DeniedPermission(sb.toString(), target);
}
private static Permission constructTargetPermission(String targetClassName, String targetName,
String targetActions) {
Class<?> targetClass;
try {
targetClass = Class.forName(targetClassName);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
if (targetClassName.trim().isEmpty()) {
targetClassName = EMPTY_STR_ARG;
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
MessageFormat.format("Target Permission class [{0}] not found.", targetClassName));
}
if (!Permission.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass) || Modifier.isAbstract(targetClass.getModifiers())) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat
.format("Target Permission class [{0}] is not a (concrete) Permission.", targetClassName));
}
if (targetClass == DeniedPermission.class || targetClass == UnresolvedPermission.class) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Target Permission class must not be a DeniedPermission itself, nor an UnresolvedPermission.");
}
Constructor<?> targetCtor;
try {
if (targetActions == null) {
targetCtor = targetClass.getConstructor(String.class);
}
else {
targetCtor = targetClass.getConstructor(String.class, String.class);
}
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(
"Target Permission class [{0}] (String name) or (String name, String actions) constructor.",
targetClassName));
}
try {
return (Permission) targetCtor
.newInstance(((targetCtor.getParameterCount() == 1) ? new Object[] { targetName }
: new Object[] { targetName, targetActions }));
}
catch (ReflectiveOperationException roe) {
if (roe instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
if (targetName == null) {
targetName = NULL_STR_ARG;
}
else if (targetName.trim().isEmpty()) {
targetName = EMPTY_STR_ARG;
}
if (targetActions == null) {
targetActions = NULL_STR_ARG;
}
else if (targetActions.trim().isEmpty()) {
targetActions = EMPTY_STR_ARG;
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(
"Could not instantiate target Permission class [{0}]; provided target name [{1}] and/or target [{2}] actions potentially erroneous.",
targetClassName, targetName, targetActions), roe);
}
throw new RuntimeException(MessageFormat.format(
"Could not instantiate target Permission class [{0}] - an unforeseen error occurred, see attached cause for details.",
targetClassName), roe);
}
}
/**
* Instantiates a <code>DeniedPermission</code> that encapsulates a target permission of the class,
* name and, optionally, actions, collectively provided as the <code>name</code> argument.
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if:
* <ul>
* <li><code>name</code>'s target permission class name component is empty, does not
* refer to a concrete <code>Permission</code> descendant, or refers to
* <code>DeniedPermission.class</code> or <code>UnresolvedPermission.class</code>.</li>
* <li><code>name</code>'s target name component is <code>empty</code></li>
* <li>the target permission class cannot be instantiated, and it's the caller's fault;
* e.g., because <code>name</code>'s target name and/or target actions component(s) do
* not adhere to the naming constraints of the target class; or due to the target class
* not exposing a <code>(String name)</code>, or
* <code>(String name, String actions)</code> constructor, depending on whether the
* target actions component is empty or not.</li>
* </ul>
* @throws SecurityException
* if a <code>SecurityManager</code>, <code>sm</code>, is installed, and the invocation
* <code>sm.checkPackageAccess(targetClassPackageName)</code>
* (where <code>targetClassPackageName</code> is the package of the class referred to
* by <code>name</code>'s target name component) denies access.
*/
public DeniedPermission(String name) {
super(name);
String[] comps = name.split(":");
if (comps.length < 2) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format("Malformed [name] argument: {0}", name));
}
this.target = constructTargetPermission(comps[0], comps[1], ((comps.length < 3) ? null : comps[2]));
}
private DeniedPermission(String name, Permission target) {
super(name);
this.target = target;
}
/**
* Checks whether the given permission is implied by this one, as per the
* {@linkplain DeniedPermission overview}.
*/
@Override
public boolean implies(Permission p) {
if (p instanceof DeniedPermission) {
return target.implies(((DeniedPermission) p).target);
}
return target.implies(p);
}
/**
* Returns this denied permission's target permission.
*/
public Permission getTargetPermission() {
return target;
}
}
DenyingPolicy
クラス_
package com.example.q5003565;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.CodeSource;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.PermissionCollection;
import java.security.Policy;
import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
import java.security.UnresolvedPermission;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/**
* Wrapper that adds rudimentary {@link DeniedPermission} processing capabilities to the standard
* file-backed <code>Policy</code>.
*/
public final class DenyingPolicy extends Policy {
/*
* doPrivileged needed just in case there's already a SecurityManager installed at class loading
* time.
*/
private static final ProtectionDomain OWN_PD = AccessController
.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<ProtectionDomain>) DenyingPolicy.class::getProtectionDomain);
private final Policy defaultPolicy;
{
try {
// will fail unless the calling acc has SecurityPermission "createPolicy.javaPolicy"
defaultPolicy = Policy.getInstance("javaPolicy", null, "SUN");
}
catch (NoSuchProviderException | NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Could not acquire default Policy.", e);
}
}
@Override
public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
return defaultPolicy.getPermissions(codesource);
}
@Override
public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
return defaultPolicy.getPermissions(domain);
}
/**
* @return <code>true</code> iff:
* <ul>
* <li><code>permission</code> <em>is not</em> an instance of
* <code>DeniedPermission</code>,</li>
* <li>an <code>implies(domain, permission)</code> invocation on the system-default
* <code>Policy</code> yields <code>true</code>, and</li>
* <li><code>permission</code> <em>is not</em> implied by any <code>DeniedPermission</code>s
* having potentially been assigned to <code>domain</code>.</li>
* </ul>
*/
@Override
public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission permission) {
if (OWN_PD.equals(domain)) {
/*
* Recursive invocation due to a privilege-requiring method we invoked. If you're uncomfortable with
* this, get rid of it and grant (via .policy) a RuntimePermission "accessClassInPackage.*" to
* OWN_PD.
*/
return true;
}
if (permission instanceof DeniedPermission) {
/*
* At the policy decision level, DeniedPermissions can only themselves imply, not be implied (as
* they take away, rather than grant, privileges). Returning true for a deny rule would be
* more confusing than convenient.
*/
return false;
}
if (!defaultPolicy.implies(domain, permission)) {
// permission not granted--no need to check whether denied
return false;
}
/*
* Permission granted--now check whether there's an overriding DeniedPermission. The following
* assumes that defaultPolicy (its wrapped PolicySpi) is a sun.security.provider.PolicySpiFile
* (other implementations might not support #getPermissions(ProtectionDomain)
* and/or handle resolution of UnresolvedPermissions differently).
*/
Enumeration<Permission> perms = defaultPolicy.getPermissions(domain).elements();
while (perms.hasMoreElements()) {
Permission p = perms.nextElement();
/*
* DeniedPermissions will generally remain unresolved, as no code is expected to check whether other
* code has been "granted" such a permission.
*/
if (p instanceof UnresolvedPermission) {
UnresolvedPermission up = (UnresolvedPermission) p;
if (up.getUnresolvedType().equals(DeniedPermission.class.getName())) {
// force resolution
defaultPolicy.implies(domain, up);
// evaluate right away, to avoid reiterating over the collection
p = AccessController.doPrivileged(
(PrivilegedAction<Permission>) () -> new DeniedPermission(up.getUnresolvedName()));
}
}
if (p instanceof DeniedPermission && p.implies(permission)) {
// permission denied
return false;
}
}
// permission granted
return true;
}
@Override
public void refresh() {
defaultPolicy.refresh();
}
}
使用法
DeniedPermission
s をプレーンな古い付与ルールに埋め込むだけです。たとえば、次のルールは、名前が「user.」で始まるシステム プロパティを読み取る機能以外のすべてをsome.jarのクラスに付与します。
grant codeBase "file:/home/your_user/classpath/some.jar" {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
permission com.example.q5003565.DeniedPermission "java.util.PropertyPermission:user.*:read";
};
次に、DenyingPolicy
ビアを取り付けPolicy.setPolicy(new DenyingPolicy());
ます。
警告:前の回答のコメントで述べたように、意味的には正しいですが、上記の例は効果がありませSecurityPermission "setPolicy"
んDeniedPermission
。これが発生しないようにするには、 からパーミッションを差し引くAllPermission
のではなく、 から差し引くことを検討してくださいAllSafePermission
。ここでは、既知のサンドボックス無効化パーミッション1を除くすべてAllSafePermission
の が定義されています。implies
ノート
(String)
標準のターゲット名とアクションの規則に従い、 and/or(String, String)
コンストラクターを公開し、 を適切にオーバーライドする限り、任意のアクセス許可を拒否されたアクセス許可でラップできますimplies(Permission)
。
- 一度に複数のアクセス許可を拒否するには:
implies
拒否されるパーミッションである通常のパーミッション サブクラスを作成します。
- ポリシー構成から、実装のインスタンスを参照して、拒否されたアクセス許可を「付与」します。
- は、保護ドメインに静的に割り当てられたパーミッション (クラスパスから生成されたコードにデフォルトで付与されるパーミッションなど) が付与されることを妨げ
DenyingPolicy
ません。一般に、このようなパーミッションの評価は、ポリシーによって維持されるパーミッションの評価の前に行われるためです。これらの権限も拒否するには、次のものに置き換える必要があります。
RuntimePermission "exitVM.*"
ClassLoader
- そもそもアクセス許可を付与しないか、または
- ロードするクラスを、次のよう
ProtectionDomain
にオーバーライドするサブクラスのインスタンスにマップimplies(Permission)
します。
- 常にポリシーに委任する、または
DeniedPermission
と同様の方法で を処理しDenyingPolicy
ます。
1: そのような権限のリストについては、Maass, M. (2016) などを参照してください。サンドボックスを効果的に適用するための理論とツール。、表 3.1 (47 ページ)。