mysql - この 1.7 秒の Mysql クエリを高速化するにはどうすればよいですか?

Question

ユーザーのリストに投票できるWebアプリケーションをPHPで作成しています。テーブルからユーザーを取得するために使用しているクエリは非常に遅いです。ターゲット ユーザーがアクティブ ユーザーによって既に投票されているかどうかを確認するより効率的な方法があると思います。

SELECT * 
FROM users
WHERE id NOT IN (
    SELECT ratedid
    FROM votes
    WHERE who LIKE 12707264
)
AND picture1 NOT LIKE  ''
AND cp1 <  '10'
AND gender NOT LIKE  'male'
ORDER BY RAND( ) 
LIMIT 1

表データは次のとおりです。

>SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
>SET time_zone = "+00:00";


/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;

--
-- Database: `notchus_userdb`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `users`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `users` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `username` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `first_name` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `last_name` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `bio` text CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `picture1` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `cp1` int(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  `picture2` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `picture3` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `friends` blob,
  `relationship_status` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `relationship_interest` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `verified` int(1) NOT NULL,
  `gender` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `birthday` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `hometown` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `citylocation` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `oauth_provider` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `oauth_uid` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `ratchet` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `boss` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `isadmin` int(1) DEFAULT NULL,
  `views` int(10) NOT NULL,
  `reviews` int(10) NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `isuser` int(10) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `username` (`username`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;


Server version: 5.1.70-cll
-- PHP Version: 5.3.17

SET SQL_MODE = "NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO";
SET time_zone = "+00:00";


/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;

--
-- Database: `notchus_userdb`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `votes`
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `votes` (
  `uqid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `value` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
  `picture` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `ratedid` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `comment` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `quote` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `who` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `votedate` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `control` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`uqid`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=1084 ;