この質問の答えは、パフォーマンスの議論から離れ、代わりに可変値型の危険性に対処しているようです。
これが役立つと思われる場合に備えて、不変の値型ラッパーを使用して元の例と同様のことを行う、私が一緒に投げた実装を次に示します。
違いは、値の型が参照先のオブジェクトを直接参照していないことです。代わりに、キーと、キーを使用したルックアップ (TryGetValueFunc) またはキーを使用した作成のいずれかを実行するデリゲートへの参照を保持します。(注: 私の元の実装では、IDictionary オブジェクトへの参照を保持するラッパーがありましたが、もう少し柔軟にするために、TryGetValueFunc デリゲートに変更しました。そうしても、なんらかの欠陥が生じることはありませんでした)。
ただし、ラッパーがアクセスする基礎となるデータ構造を操作している場合、予期しない動作が発生する可能性があることに注意してください。
以下は、コンソール プログラムの使用例とともに、完全な動作例です。
public delegate bool TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue>(TKey key, out TValue value);
public struct KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>
{
private bool _KeyHasBeenSet;
private TKey _Key;
private TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue> _TryGetValue;
private Func<TKey, TValue> _CreateValue;
#region Constructors
public KeyedValueWrapper(TKey key)
{
_Key = key;
_KeyHasBeenSet = true;
_TryGetValue = null;
_CreateValue = null;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(TKey key, TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue> tryGetValue)
{
_Key = key;
_KeyHasBeenSet = true;
_TryGetValue = tryGetValue;
_CreateValue = null;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
_Key = key;
_KeyHasBeenSet = true;
_TryGetValue = null;
_CreateValue = createValue;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(TKey key, TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue> tryGetValue, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
_Key = key;
_KeyHasBeenSet = true;
_TryGetValue = tryGetValue;
_CreateValue = createValue;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue> tryGetValue)
{
_Key = default(TKey);
_KeyHasBeenSet = false;
_TryGetValue = tryGetValue;
_CreateValue = null;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue> tryGetValue, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
_Key = default(TKey);
_KeyHasBeenSet = false;
_TryGetValue = tryGetValue;
_CreateValue = createValue;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
_Key = default(TKey);
_KeyHasBeenSet = false;
_TryGetValue = null;
_CreateValue = createValue;
}
#endregion
#region "Change" methods
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TKey key)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(key, _TryGetValue, _CreateValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TKey key, TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue> tryGetValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(key, tryGetValue, _CreateValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(key, _TryGetValue, createValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TKey key, TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue> tryGetValue, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(key, tryGetValue, createValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue> tryGetValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(_Key, tryGetValue, _CreateValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TryGetValueFunc<TKey, TValue> tryGetValue, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(_Key, tryGetValue, createValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(_Key, _TryGetValue, createValue);
}
#endregion
public TValue Value
{
get
{
if (!_KeyHasBeenSet)
throw new InvalidOperationException("A key must be specified.");
if (_TryGetValue == null)
throw new InvalidOperationException("A \"try get value\" delegate must be specified.");
// try to find a value in the given dictionary using the given key
TValue value;
if (!_TryGetValue(_Key, out value))
{
if (_CreateValue == null)
throw new InvalidOperationException("A \"create value\" delegate must be specified.");
// if not found, create a value
value = _CreateValue(_Key);
}
// then return that value
return value;
}
}
}
class Foo
{
public string ID { get; set; }
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, Foo>();
Func<string, Foo> createValue = (key) =>
{
var foo = new Foo { ID = key };
dictionary.Add(key, foo);
return foo;
};
// this wrapper object is not useable, since no key has been specified for it yet
var wrapper = new KeyedValueWrapper<string, Foo>(dictionary.TryGetValue, createValue);
// create wrapper1 based on the wrapper object but changing the key to "ABC"
var wrapper1 = wrapper.Change("ABC");
var wrapper2 = wrapper1;
Foo foo1 = wrapper1.Value;
Foo foo2 = wrapper2.Value;
Console.WriteLine("foo1 and foo2 are equal? {0}", object.ReferenceEquals(foo1, foo2));
// Output: foo1 and foo2 are equal? True
// create wrapper1 based on the wrapper object but changing the key to "BCD"
var wrapper3 = wrapper.Change("BCD");
var wrapper4 = wrapper3;
Foo foo3 = wrapper3.Value;
dictionary = new Dictionary<string, Foo>(); // throw a curve ball by reassigning the dictionary variable
Foo foo4 = wrapper4.Value;
Console.WriteLine("foo3 and foo4 are equal? {0}", object.ReferenceEquals(foo3, foo4));
// Output: foo3 and foo4 are equal? True
Console.WriteLine("foo1 and foo3 are equal? {0}", object.ReferenceEquals(foo1, foo3));
// Output: foo1 and foo3 are equal? False
}
}
IDictionary<string, Foo>
の代わりに使用する代替実装TryGetValueFunc<string, Foo>
。使用法コードに入れた反例に注意してください。
public struct KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>
{
private bool _KeyHasBeenSet;
private TKey _Key;
private IDictionary<TKey, TValue> _Dictionary;
private Func<TKey, TValue> _CreateValue;
#region Constructors
public KeyedValueWrapper(TKey key)
{
_Key = key;
_KeyHasBeenSet = true;
_Dictionary = null;
_CreateValue = null;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(TKey key, IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary)
{
_Key = key;
_KeyHasBeenSet = true;
_Dictionary = dictionary;
_CreateValue = null;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
_Key = key;
_KeyHasBeenSet = true;
_Dictionary = null;
_CreateValue = createValue;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(TKey key, IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
_Key = key;
_KeyHasBeenSet = true;
_Dictionary = dictionary;
_CreateValue = createValue;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary)
{
_Key = default(TKey);
_KeyHasBeenSet = false;
_Dictionary = dictionary;
_CreateValue = null;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
_Key = default(TKey);
_KeyHasBeenSet = false;
_Dictionary = dictionary;
_CreateValue = createValue;
}
public KeyedValueWrapper(Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
_Key = default(TKey);
_KeyHasBeenSet = false;
_Dictionary = null;
_CreateValue = createValue;
}
#endregion
#region "Change" methods
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TKey key)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(key, _Dictionary, _CreateValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TKey key, IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(key, dictionary, _CreateValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TKey key, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(key, _Dictionary, createValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(TKey key, IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(key, dictionary, createValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(_Key, dictionary, _CreateValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(_Key, dictionary, createValue);
}
public KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue> Change(Func<TKey, TValue> createValue)
{
return new KeyedValueWrapper<TKey, TValue>(_Key, _Dictionary, createValue);
}
#endregion
public TValue Value
{
get
{
if (!_KeyHasBeenSet)
throw new InvalidOperationException("A key must be specified.");
if (_Dictionary == null)
throw new InvalidOperationException("A dictionary must be specified.");
// try to find a value in the given dictionary using the given key
TValue value;
if (!_Dictionary.TryGetValue(_Key, out value))
{
if (_CreateValue == null)
throw new InvalidOperationException("A \"create value\" delegate must be specified.");
// if not found, create a value and add it to the dictionary
value = _CreateValue(_Key);
_Dictionary.Add(_Key, value);
}
// then return that value
return value;
}
}
}
class Foo
{
public string ID { get; set; }
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// this wrapper object is not useable, since no key has been specified for it yet
var wrapper = new KeyedValueWrapper<string, Foo>(new Dictionary<string, Foo>(), (key) => new Foo { ID = key });
// create wrapper1 based on the wrapper object but changing the key to "ABC"
var wrapper1 = wrapper.Change("ABC");
var wrapper2 = wrapper1;
Foo foo1 = wrapper1.Value;
Foo foo2 = wrapper2.Value;
Console.WriteLine("foo1 and foo2 are equal? {0}", object.ReferenceEquals(foo1, foo2));
// Output: foo1 and foo2 are equal? True
// create wrapper1 based on the wrapper object but changing the key to "BCD"
var wrapper3 = wrapper.Change("BCD");
var wrapper4 = wrapper3;
Foo foo3 = wrapper3.Value;
Foo foo4 = wrapper4.Value;
Console.WriteLine("foo3 and foo4 are equal? {0}", object.ReferenceEquals(foo3, foo4));
// Output: foo3 and foo4 are equal? True
Console.WriteLine("foo1 and foo3 are equal? {0}", object.ReferenceEquals(foo1, foo3));
// Output: foo1 and foo3 are equal? False
// Counter-example: manipulating the dictionary instance that was provided to the wrapper can disrupt expected behavior
var dictionary = new Dictionary<string, Foo>();
var wrapper5 = wrapper.Change("CDE", dictionary);
var wrapper6 = wrapper5;
Foo foo5 = wrapper5.Value;
dictionary.Clear();
Foo foo6 = wrapper6.Value;
// one might expect this to be true:
Console.WriteLine("foo5 and foo6 are equal? {0}", object.ReferenceEquals(foo5, foo6));
// Output: foo5 and foo6 are equal? False
}
}